diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index bcccd8e19..8daa213b8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -139,6 +139,8 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         echo "Running checks..."
         ./ietf/manage.py check
+        ./ietf/manage.py migrate || true
+        echo "USE_TZ = True" >> ./ietf/settings_local.py
         ./ietf/manage.py migrate
         echo "Validating migrations..."
         if ! ( ietf/manage.py makemigrations --dry-run --check --verbosity 3 ) ; then
diff --git a/dev/diff/prepare.sh b/dev/diff/prepare.sh
index c18684fc7..2e80a8e43 100644
--- a/dev/diff/prepare.sh
+++ b/dev/diff/prepare.sh
@@ -12,5 +12,24 @@ yarn legacy:build
 echo "Creating data directories..."
 chmod +x ./docker/scripts/app-create-dirs.sh
 ./docker/scripts/app-create-dirs.sh
+
 ./ietf/manage.py check
-./ietf/manage.py migrate
+if ./ietf/manage.py showmigrations | grep "\[ \] 0003_pause_to_change_use_tz"; then
+    if grep "USE_TZ" ./ietf/settings_local.py; then
+        cat ./ietf/settings_local.py | sed 's/USE_TZ.*$/USE_TZ = False/' > /tmp/settings_local.py && mv /tmp/settings_local.py ./ietf/settings_local.py
+    else
+        echo "USE_TZ = False" >> ./ietf/settings_local.py
+    fi
+    # This is expected to exit non-zero at the pause
+    /usr/local/bin/python ./ietf/manage.py migrate  || true
+    cat ./ietf/settings_local.py | sed 's/USE_TZ.*$/USE_TZ = True/' > /tmp/settings_local.py && mv /tmp/settings_local.py ./ietf/settings_local.py
+    /usr/local/bin/python ./ietf/manage.py migrate
+
+else
+    if grep "USE_TZ" ./ietf/settings_local.py; then
+        cat ./ietf/settings_local.py | sed 's/USE_TZ.*$/USE_TZ = True/' > /tmp/settings_local.py && mv /tmp/settings_local.py ./ietf/settings_local.py
+    else
+        echo "USE_TZ = True" >> ./ietf/settings_local.py
+    /usr/local/bin/python ./ietf/manage.py migrate
+    fi
+fi
diff --git a/docker/scripts/app-init.sh b/docker/scripts/app-init.sh
index bd3d51a98..7557e8f45 100755
--- a/docker/scripts/app-init.sh
+++ b/docker/scripts/app-init.sh
@@ -100,7 +100,28 @@ echo "Starting memcached..."
 
 echo "Running initial checks..."
 /usr/local/bin/python $WORKSPACEDIR/ietf/manage.py check --settings=settings_local
-# /usr/local/bin/python $WORKSPACEDIR/ietf/manage.py migrate --settings=settings_local
+
+# Migrate, adjusting to what the current state of the underlying database might be:
+
+if ietf/manage.py showmigrations | grep "\[ \] 0003_pause_to_change_use_tz"; then
+    if grep "USE_TZ" $WORKSPACEDIR/ietf/settings_local.py; then
+        cat $WORKSPACEDIR/ietf/settings_local.py | sed 's/USE_TZ.*$/USE_TZ = False/' > /tmp/settings_local.py && mv /tmp/settings_local.py $WORKSPACEDIR/ietf/settings_local.py
+    else
+        echo "USE_TZ = False" >> $WORKSPACEDIR/ietf/settings_local.py
+    fi
+    # This is expected to exit non-zero at the pause
+    /usr/local/bin/python $WORKSPACEDIR/ietf/manage.py migrate --settings=settings_local || true
+    cat $WORKSPACEDIR/ietf/settings_local.py | sed 's/USE_TZ.*$/USE_TZ = True/' > /tmp/settings_local.py && mv /tmp/settings_local.py $WORKSPACEDIR/ietf/settings_local.py
+    /usr/local/bin/python $WORKSPACEDIR/ietf/manage.py migrate --settings=settings_local
+
+else
+    if grep "USE_TZ" $WORKSPACEDIR/ietf/settings_local.py; then
+        cat $WORKSPACEDIR/ietf/settings_local.py | sed 's/USE_TZ.*$/USE_TZ = True/' > /tmp/settings_local.py && mv /tmp/settings_local.py $WORKSPACEDIR/ietf/settings_local.py
+    else
+        echo "USE_TZ = True" >> $WORKSPACEDIR/ietf/settings_local.py
+    /usr/local/bin/python $WORKSPACEDIR/ietf/manage.py migrate --settings=settings_local
+    fi
+fi
 
 echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------"
 echo "Done!"
diff --git a/ietf/api/management/commands/makeresources.py b/ietf/api/management/commands/makeresources.py
index 07f8402e7..889b2cdfb 100644
--- a/ietf/api/management/commands/makeresources.py
+++ b/ietf/api/management/commands/makeresources.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 
 import os
-import datetime
 import collections
 import io
 
@@ -14,6 +13,7 @@ import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 from django.core.management.base import AppCommand
 from django.db import models
 from django.template import Template, Context
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 from tastypie.resources import ModelResource
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class Command(AppCommand):
                     info = dict(
                         app=app.name,
                         app_label=app.label,
-                        date=datetime.datetime.now()
+                        date=timezone.now()
                     )
                     new_models = {}
                     for model, rclass_name in missing_resources:
diff --git a/ietf/api/tests.py b/ietf/api/tests.py
index cee760a33..5c8f382e6 100644
--- a/ietf/api/tests.py
+++ b/ietf/api/tests.py
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ from ietf.person.models import User
 from ietf.person.models import PersonalApiKey
 from ietf.stats.models import MeetingRegistration
 from ietf.utils.mail import outbox, get_payload_text
+from ietf.utils.models import DumpInfo
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import TestCase, login_testing_unauthorized
 
 OMITTED_APPS = (
@@ -419,10 +420,17 @@ class CustomApiTests(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(set(missing_fields), set(drop_fields))
 
     def test_api_version(self):
+        DumpInfo.objects.create(date=timezone.datetime(2022,8,31,7,10,1,tzinfo=timezone.utc), host='testapi.example.com',tz='UTC')
         url = urlreverse('ietf.api.views.version')
         r = self.client.get(url)
         data = r.json()
         self.assertEqual(data['version'], ietf.__version__+ietf.__patch__)
+        self.assertEqual(data['dumptime'], "2022-08-31 07:10:01 +0000")
+        DumpInfo.objects.update(tz='PST8PDT')
+        r = self.client.get(url)
+        data = r.json()        
+        self.assertEqual(data['dumptime'], "2022-08-31 07:10:01 -0700")
+
 
     def test_api_appauth(self):
         url = urlreverse('ietf.api.views.app_auth')
diff --git a/ietf/api/views.py b/ietf/api/views.py
index 97a551789..a6a51f667 100644
--- a/ietf/api/views.py
+++ b/ietf/api/views.py
@@ -203,8 +203,13 @@ def api_new_meeting_registration(request):
 
 
 def version(request):
+    dumpdate = None
     dumpinfo = DumpInfo.objects.order_by('-date').first()
-    dumptime = pytz.timezone(dumpinfo.tz).localize(dumpinfo.date).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z') if dumpinfo else None
+    if dumpinfo:
+        dumpdate = dumpinfo.date
+        if dumpinfo.tz != "UTC":
+            dumpdate = pytz.timezone(dumpinfo.tz).localize(dumpinfo.date.replace(tzinfo=None))
+    dumptime = dumpdate.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z') if dumpinfo else None
     return HttpResponse(
             json.dumps({
                         'version': ietf.__version__+ietf.__patch__,
diff --git a/ietf/bin/iana-changes-updates b/ietf/bin/iana-changes-updates
index 817f7e533..b0ea6712e 100755
--- a/ietf/bin/iana-changes-updates
+++ b/ietf/bin/iana-changes-updates
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ django.setup()
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from optparse import OptionParser
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
 
 parser = OptionParser()
 parser.add_option("-f", "--from", dest="start",
@@ -38,13 +39,16 @@ CLOCK_SKEW_COMPENSATION = 5 # seconds
 MAX_INTERVAL_ACCEPTED_BY_IANA = datetime.timedelta(hours=23)
 
 
+local_tzinfo = ZoneInfo(settings.TIME_ZONE)
 start = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=23) + datetime.timedelta(seconds=CLOCK_SKEW_COMPENSATION)
 if options.start:
     start = datetime.datetime.strptime(options.start, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
+start = start.replace(tzinfo=local_tzinfo).astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc)
 
 end = start + datetime.timedelta(hours=23)
 if options.end:
-    end = datetime.datetime.strptime(options.end, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
+    end = datetime.datetime.strptime(options.end, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S").replace(tzinfo=local_tzinfo)
+end = end.astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc)
 
 syslog.openlog(os.path.basename(__file__), syslog.LOG_PID, syslog.LOG_USER)
 
@@ -52,7 +56,13 @@ syslog.openlog(os.path.basename(__file__), syslog.LOG_PID, syslog.LOG_USER)
 
 from ietf.sync.iana import fetch_changes_json, parse_changes_json, update_history_with_changes
 
-syslog.syslog("Updating history log with new changes from IANA from %s, period %s - %s" % (settings.IANA_SYNC_CHANGES_URL, start, end))
+syslog.syslog(
+    "Updating history log with new changes from IANA from %s, period %s - %s" % (
+        settings.IANA_SYNC_CHANGES_URL,
+        start.astimezone(local_tzinfo),
+        end.astimezone(local_tzinfo),
+    )
+)
 
 t = start
 while t < end:
diff --git a/ietf/bin/send-scheduled-mail b/ietf/bin/send-scheduled-mail
index c6a2dbf50..d3474db09 100755
--- a/ietf/bin/send-scheduled-mail
+++ b/ietf/bin/send-scheduled-mail
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # This script requires that the proper virtual python environment has been
 # invoked before start
 
-import datetime, os, sys
+import os, sys
 import syslog
 
 # boilerplate
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ syslog.openlog(os.path.basename(__file__), syslog.LOG_PID, syslog.LOG_USER)
 
 import django
 django.setup()
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 from ietf.utils.mail import log_smtp_exception, send_error_email
 from smtplib import SMTPException
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ from ietf.message.models import SendQueue
 
 mode = sys.argv[1]
 
-now = datetime.datetime.now()
+now = timezone.now()
 
 needs_sending = SendQueue.objects.filter(sent_at=None).select_related("message")
 if mode == "specific":
diff --git a/ietf/community/views.py b/ietf/community/views.py
index c67f992d6..b0646424a 100644
--- a/ietf/community/views.py
+++ b/ietf/community/views.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import uuid
 from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect, Http404
 from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render
 from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.html import strip_tags
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ def feed(request, username=None, acronym=None, group_type=None):
     significant = request.GET.get('significant', '') == '1'
 
     documents = docs_tracked_by_community_list(clist).values_list('pk', flat=True)
-    since = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=14)
+    since = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=14)
 
     events = DocEvent.objects.filter(
         doc__id__in=documents,
@@ -243,7 +244,7 @@ def feed(request, username=None, acronym=None, group_type=None):
         'title': title,
         'subtitle': subtitle,
         'id': feed_id.urn,
-        'updated': datetime.datetime.now(),
+        'updated': timezone.now(),
     }, content_type='text/xml')
 
 
diff --git a/ietf/doc/expire.py b/ietf/doc/expire.py
index b780c73bd..a2a4a714f 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/expire.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/expire.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 
 from django.conf import settings
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import datetime, os, shutil, glob, re
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ from ietf.person.models import Person
 from ietf.meeting.models import Meeting
 from ietf.doc.utils import add_state_change_event, update_action_holders
 from ietf.mailtrigger.utils import gather_address_lists
+from ietf.utils.timezone import datetime_today, DEADLINE_TZINFO
 
 
 nonexpirable_states: Optional[List[State]] = None
@@ -52,17 +54,17 @@ def expirable_drafts(queryset=None):
 
 
 def get_soon_to_expire_drafts(days_of_warning):
-    start_date = datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(1)
+    start_date = datetime_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) - datetime.timedelta(1)
     end_date = start_date + datetime.timedelta(days_of_warning)
 
     return expirable_drafts().filter(expires__gte=start_date, expires__lt=end_date)
 
 def get_expired_drafts():
-    return expirable_drafts().filter(expires__lt=datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(1))
+    return expirable_drafts().filter(expires__lt=datetime_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) + datetime.timedelta(1))
 
 def in_draft_expire_freeze(when=None):
     if when == None:
-        when = datetime.datetime.now()
+        when = timezone.now()
 
     meeting = Meeting.objects.filter(type='ietf', date__gte=when-datetime.timedelta(days=7)).order_by('date').first()
 
diff --git a/ietf/doc/factories.py b/ietf/doc/factories.py
index 8fd6feca7..568e79cc7 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/factories.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/factories.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import datetime
 from typing import Optional         # pyflakes:ignore
 
 from django.conf import settings
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 from ietf.doc.models import ( Document, DocEvent, NewRevisionDocEvent, DocAlias, State, DocumentAuthor,
     StateDocEvent, BallotPositionDocEvent, BallotDocEvent, BallotType, IRSGBallotDocEvent, TelechatDocEvent,
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ class BaseDocumentFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory):
     rev = '00'
     std_level_id = None                 # type: Optional[str]
     intended_std_level_id = None
-    time = datetime.datetime.now()
+    time = timezone.now()
     expires = factory.LazyAttribute(lambda o: o.time+datetime.timedelta(days=settings.INTERNET_DRAFT_DAYS_TO_EXPIRE))
     pages = factory.fuzzy.FuzzyInteger(2,400)
 
@@ -357,7 +358,8 @@ class TelechatDocEventFactory(DocEventFactory):
     class Meta:
         model = TelechatDocEvent
 
-    telechat_date = datetime.datetime.today()+datetime.timedelta(days=14)
+    # note: this is evaluated at import time and not updated - all events will have the same telechat_date
+    telechat_date = timezone.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=14)
     type = 'scheduled_for_telechat'
 
 class NewRevisionDocEventFactory(DocEventFactory):
@@ -410,7 +412,7 @@ class IRSGBallotDocEventFactory(BallotDocEventFactory):
     class Meta:
         model = IRSGBallotDocEvent
 
-    duedate = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=14)
+    duedate = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=14)
     ballot_type = factory.SubFactory(BallotTypeFactory, slug='irsg-approve')
 
 class BallotPositionDocEventFactory(DocEventFactory):
diff --git a/ietf/doc/feeds.py b/ietf/doc/feeds.py
index 1169db105..7885e75e3 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/feeds.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/feeds.py
@@ -10,11 +10,13 @@ from django.utils.feedgenerator import Atom1Feed, Rss201rev2Feed
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
 from django.template.defaultfilters import truncatewords, truncatewords_html, date as datefilter
 from django.template.defaultfilters import linebreaks # type: ignore
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.html import strip_tags
 
 from ietf.doc.models import Document, State, LastCallDocEvent, DocEvent
 from ietf.doc.utils import augment_events_with_revision
 from ietf.doc.templatetags.ietf_filters import format_textarea
+from ietf.utils.timezone import RPC_TZINFO
 
 
 def strip_control_characters(s):
@@ -133,9 +135,16 @@ class RfcFeed(Feed):
     
     def items(self):
         if self.year:
-            rfc_events = DocEvent.objects.filter(type='published_rfc',time__year=self.year).order_by('-time')
+            # Find published RFCs based on their official publication year
+            start_of_year = datetime.datetime(int(self.year), 1, 1, tzinfo=RPC_TZINFO)
+            start_of_next_year = datetime.datetime(int(self.year) + 1, 1, 1, tzinfo=RPC_TZINFO)
+            rfc_events = DocEvent.objects.filter(
+                type='published_rfc',
+                time__gte=start_of_year,
+                time__lt=start_of_next_year,
+            ).order_by('-time')
         else:
-            cutoff = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=8)
+            cutoff = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=8)
             rfc_events = DocEvent.objects.filter(type='published_rfc',time__gte=cutoff).order_by('-time')
         results = [(e.doc, e.time) for e in rfc_events]
         for doc,time in results:
diff --git a/ietf/doc/mails.py b/ietf/doc/mails.py
index 0f344f015..ddc669ed8 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/mails.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/mails.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from django.template.loader import render_to_string
 from django.utils.html import strip_tags
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
@@ -418,7 +419,7 @@ def generate_issue_ballot_mail(request, doc, ballot):
     
     e = doc.latest_event(LastCallDocEvent, type="sent_last_call")
     last_call_expires = e.expires if e else None
-    last_call_has_expired = last_call_expires and last_call_expires < datetime.datetime.now()
+    last_call_has_expired = last_call_expires and last_call_expires < timezone.now()
 
     return render_to_string("doc/mail/issue_iesg_ballot_mail.txt",
                             dict(doc=doc,
@@ -437,7 +438,7 @@ def _send_irsg_ballot_email(request, doc, ballot, subject, template):
     (to, cc) = gather_address_lists('irsg_ballot_issued', doc=doc)
     sender = 'IESG Secretary <iesg-secretary@ietf.org>'
 
-    ballot_expired = ballot.duedate < datetime.datetime.now()
+    ballot_expired = ballot.duedate < timezone.now()
     active_ballot = doc.active_ballot()
     if active_ballot is None:
         needed_bps = ''
diff --git a/ietf/doc/management/commands/generate_draft_aliases.py b/ietf/doc/management/commands/generate_draft_aliases.py
index 796e3db63..88f4aa98c 100755
--- a/ietf/doc/management/commands/generate_draft_aliases.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/management/commands/generate_draft_aliases.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from tempfile import mkstemp
     
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
             'that have seen activity in the last %s years.' % (DEFAULT_YEARS))
 
     def handle(self, *args, **options):
-        show_since = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(DEFAULT_YEARS*365)
+        show_since = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(DEFAULT_YEARS*365)
 
         date = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S")
         signature = '# Generated by %s at %s\n' % (os.path.abspath(__file__), date)
diff --git a/ietf/doc/management/commands/generate_draft_bibxml_files.py b/ietf/doc/management/commands/generate_draft_bibxml_files.py
index 8bdaa0a86..218430806 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/management/commands/generate_draft_bibxml_files.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/management/commands/generate_draft_bibxml_files.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import sys
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
 from django.template.loader import render_to_string
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
         if process_all:
             doc_events = NewRevisionDocEvent.objects.filter(type='new_revision', doc__type_id='draft')
         else:
-            start = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=days)
+            start = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=days)
             doc_events = NewRevisionDocEvent.objects.filter(type='new_revision', doc__type_id='draft', time__gte=start)
         doc_events = doc_events.order_by('time')
 
diff --git a/ietf/doc/migrations/0045_use_timezone_now_for_doc_models.py b/ietf/doc/migrations/0045_use_timezone_now_for_doc_models.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..152f0d4c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ietf/doc/migrations/0045_use_timezone_now_for_doc_models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Generated by Django 2.2.28 on 2022-07-12 11:24
+
+from django.db import migrations, models
+import django.utils.timezone
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ('doc', '0044_procmaterials_states'),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='deletedevent',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now),
+        ),
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='docevent',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(db_index=True, default=django.utils.timezone.now, help_text='When the event happened'),
+        ),
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='dochistory',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now),
+        ),
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='document',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now),
+        ),
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='documentactionholder',
+            name='time_added',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now),
+        ),
+    ]
diff --git a/ietf/doc/migrations/0046_tzaware_deletedevents.py b/ietf/doc/migrations/0046_tzaware_deletedevents.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..197805a99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ietf/doc/migrations/0046_tzaware_deletedevents.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Generated by Django 2.2.28 on 2022-08-31 20:26
+
+import datetime
+import json
+
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
+
+from django.db import migrations
+
+
+TZ_BEFORE = ZoneInfo('PST8PDT')
+
+
+def forward(apps, schema_editor):
+    DeletedEvent = apps.get_model('doc', 'DeletedEvent')
+    for deleted_event in DeletedEvent.objects.all():
+        fields = json.loads(deleted_event.json)
+        replacements = {}
+        for k, v in fields.items():
+            if isinstance(v, str):
+                try:
+                    dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(v, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
+                except:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    replacements[k] = dt.replace(tzinfo=TZ_BEFORE).astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc).isoformat()
+        if len(replacements) > 0:
+            fields.update(replacements)
+            deleted_event.json = json.dumps(fields)
+            deleted_event.save()
+
+
+def reverse(apps, schema_editor):
+    DeletedEvent = apps.get_model('doc', 'DeletedEvent')
+    for deleted_event in DeletedEvent.objects.all():
+        fields = json.loads(deleted_event.json)
+        replacements = {}
+        for k, v in fields.items():
+            if isinstance(v, str) and 'T' in v:
+                try:
+                    dt = datetime.datetime.fromisoformat(v)
+                except:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    replacements[k] = dt.astimezone(TZ_BEFORE).replace(tzinfo=None).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
+        if len(replacements) > 0:
+            fields.update(replacements)
+            deleted_event.json = json.dumps(fields)
+            deleted_event.save()
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ('doc', '0045_use_timezone_now_for_doc_models'),
+        ('utils', '0003_pause_to_change_use_tz'),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.RunPython(forward, reverse),
+    ]
diff --git a/ietf/doc/models.py b/ietf/doc/models.py
index 23a2403bf..4e2e8836d 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/models.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/models.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from django.core.validators import URLValidator, RegexValidator
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 from django.conf import settings
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from django.utils.html import mark_safe # type:ignore
 
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ from ietf.utils.decorators import memoize
 from ietf.utils.validators import validate_no_control_chars
 from ietf.utils.mail import formataddr
 from ietf.utils.models import ForeignKey
+from ietf.utils.timezone import RPC_TZINFO
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     # importing other than for type checking causes errors due to cyclic imports
     from ietf.meeting.models import ProceedingsMaterial, Session
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ IESG_SUBSTATE_TAGS = ('ad-f-up', 'need-rev', 'extpty')
 
 class DocumentInfo(models.Model):
     """Any kind of document.  Draft, RFC, Charter, IPR Statement, Liaison Statement"""
-    time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now) # should probably have auto_now=True
+    time = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now) # should probably have auto_now=True
 
     type = ForeignKey(DocTypeName, blank=True, null=True) # Draft, Agenda, Minutes, Charter, Discuss, Guideline, Email, Review, Issue, Wiki, External ...
     title = models.CharField(max_length=255, validators=[validate_no_control_chars, ])
@@ -682,7 +684,7 @@ class DocumentActionHolder(models.Model):
     """Action holder for a document"""
     document = ForeignKey('Document')
     person = ForeignKey(Person)
-    time_added = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
+    time_added = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
 
     CLEAR_ACTION_HOLDERS_STATES = ['approved', 'ann', 'rfcqueue', 'pub', 'dead']  # draft-iesg state slugs
     GROUP_ROLES_OF_INTEREST = ['chair', 'techadv', 'editor', 'secr']
@@ -838,7 +840,7 @@ class Document(DocumentInfo):
 
     def previous_telechat_date(self):
         "Return the most recent telechat date in the past, if any (even if there's another in the future)"
-        e = self.latest_event(TelechatDocEvent, type="scheduled_for_telechat", telechat_date__lt=datetime.datetime.now())
+        e = self.latest_event(TelechatDocEvent, type="scheduled_for_telechat", telechat_date__lt=timezone.now())
         return e.telechat_date if e else None
 
     def request_closed_time(self, review_req):
@@ -924,13 +926,18 @@ class Document(DocumentInfo):
         return s
 
     def pub_date(self):
-        """This is the rfc publication date (datetime) for RFCs, 
-        and the new-revision datetime for other documents."""
+        """Get the publication date for this document
+
+        This is the rfc publication date for RFCs, and the new-revision date for other documents.
+        """
         if self.get_state_slug() == "rfc":
+            # As of Sept 2022, in ietf.sync.rfceditor.update_docs_from_rfc_index() `published_rfc` events are
+            # created with a timestamp whose date *in the PST8PDT timezone* is the official publication date
+            # assigned by the RFC editor.
             event = self.latest_event(type='published_rfc')
         else:
             event = self.latest_event(type='new_revision')
-        return event.time
+        return event.time.astimezone(RPC_TZINFO).date() if event else None
 
     def is_dochistory(self):
         return False
@@ -1208,7 +1215,7 @@ EVENT_TYPES = [
 
 class DocEvent(models.Model):
     """An occurrence for a document, used for tracking who, when and what."""
-    time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now, help_text="When the event happened", db_index=True)
+    time = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now, help_text="When the event happened", db_index=True)
     type = models.CharField(max_length=50, choices=EVENT_TYPES)
     by = ForeignKey(Person)
     doc = ForeignKey(Document)
@@ -1388,7 +1395,7 @@ class DeletedEvent(models.Model):
     content_type = ForeignKey(ContentType)
     json = models.TextField(help_text="Deleted object in JSON format, with attribute names chosen to be suitable for passing into the relevant create method.")
     by = ForeignKey(Person)
-    time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
+    time = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
 
     def __str__(self):
         return u"%s by %s %s" % (self.content_type, self.by, self.time)
diff --git a/ietf/doc/templatetags/ietf_filters.py b/ietf/doc/templatetags/ietf_filters.py
index d2450fa62..2277e478d 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/templatetags/ietf_filters.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/templatetags/ietf_filters.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
 from django.core.cache import cache
 from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
 from django.urls import NoReverseMatch
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -318,7 +319,7 @@ def timesince_days(date):
     """Returns the number of days since 'date' (relative to now)"""
     if date.__class__ is not datetime.datetime:
         date = datetime.datetime(date.year, date.month, date.day)
-    delta = datetime.datetime.now() - date
+    delta = timezone.now() - date
     return delta.days
 
 @register.filter
@@ -637,19 +638,19 @@ def action_holder_badge(action_holder):
     >>> action_holder_badge(DocumentActionHolderFactory())
     ''
 
-    >>> action_holder_badge(DocumentActionHolderFactory(time_added=datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=15)))
+    >>> action_holder_badge(DocumentActionHolderFactory(time_added=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=15)))
     ''
 
-    >>> action_holder_badge(DocumentActionHolderFactory(time_added=datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=16)))
+    >>> action_holder_badge(DocumentActionHolderFactory(time_added=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=16)))
     '<span class="badge bg-danger" title="In state for 16 days; goal is &lt;15 days."><i class="bi bi-clock-fill"></i> 16</span>'
 
-    >>> action_holder_badge(DocumentActionHolderFactory(time_added=datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=30)))
+    >>> action_holder_badge(DocumentActionHolderFactory(time_added=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=30)))
     '<span class="badge bg-danger" title="In state for 30 days; goal is &lt;15 days."><i class="bi bi-clock-fill"></i> 30</span>'
 
     >>> settings.DOC_ACTION_HOLDER_AGE_LIMIT_DAYS = old_limit
     """
     age_limit = settings.DOC_ACTION_HOLDER_AGE_LIMIT_DAYS
-    age = (datetime.datetime.now() - action_holder.time_added).days
+    age = (timezone.now() - action_holder.time_added).days
     if age > age_limit:
         return mark_safe(
             '<span class="badge bg-danger" title="In state for %d day%s; goal is &lt;%d days."><i class="bi bi-clock-fill"></i> %d</span>'
diff --git a/ietf/doc/tests.py b/ietf/doc/tests.py
index e01b5e0bd..4c769b0d8 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/tests.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/tests.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from pyquery import PyQuery
 from urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qs
 from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
 from collections import defaultdict
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
 
 from django.core.management import call_command
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from django.forms import Form
 from django.utils.html import escape
 from django.test import override_settings
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.text import slugify
 
 from tastypie.test import ResourceTestCaseMixin
@@ -56,6 +58,8 @@ from ietf.utils.mail import outbox, empty_outbox
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import login_testing_unauthorized, unicontent, reload_db_objects
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import TestCase
 from ietf.utils.text import normalize_text
+from ietf.utils.timezone import datetime_today, DEADLINE_TZINFO, RPC_TZINFO
+
 
 class SearchTests(TestCase):
     def test_search(self):
@@ -385,13 +389,13 @@ class SearchTests(TestCase):
         # Three drafts to show with various warnings
         drafts = WgDraftFactory.create_batch(3,states=[('draft','active'),('draft-iesg','ad-eval')])
         for index, draft in enumerate(drafts):
-            StateDocEventFactory(doc=draft, state=('draft-iesg','ad-eval'), time=datetime.datetime.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=[1,15,29][index]))
+            StateDocEventFactory(doc=draft, state=('draft-iesg','ad-eval'), time=timezone.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=[1,15,29][index]))
             draft.action_holders.set([PersonFactory()])
 
         # And one draft that should not show (with the default of 7 days to view)
         old = WgDraftFactory()
-        old.docevent_set.filter(newrevisiondocevent__isnull=False).update(time=datetime.datetime.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=8))
-        StateDocEventFactory(doc=old, time=datetime.datetime.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=8))
+        old.docevent_set.filter(newrevisiondocevent__isnull=False).update(time=timezone.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=8))
+        StateDocEventFactory(doc=old, time=timezone.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=8))
 
         url = urlreverse('ietf.doc.views_search.recent_drafts')
         r = self.client.get(url)
@@ -764,7 +768,7 @@ Man                    Expires September 22, 2015               [Page 3]
 
         replacement = WgDraftFactory(
             name="draft-ietf-replacement",
-            time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+            time=timezone.now(),
             title="Replacement Draft",
             stream_id=draft.stream_id, group_id=draft.group_id, abstract=draft.abstract,stream=draft.stream, rev=draft.rev,
             pages=draft.pages, intended_std_level_id=draft.intended_std_level_id,
@@ -1427,6 +1431,8 @@ Man                    Expires September 22, 2015               [Page 3]
 
     def test_draft_group_link(self):
         """Link to group 'about' page should have correct format"""
+        event_datetime = datetime.datetime(2010, 10, 10, tzinfo=RPC_TZINFO)
+
         for group_type_id in ['wg', 'rg', 'ag']:
             group = GroupFactory(type_id=group_type_id)
             draft = WgDraftFactory(name='draft-document-%s' % group_type_id, group=group)
@@ -1435,7 +1441,7 @@ Man                    Expires September 22, 2015               [Page 3]
             self.assert_correct_wg_group_link(r, group)
 
             rfc = WgRfcFactory(name='draft-rfc-document-%s' % group_type_id, group=group)
-            DocEventFactory.create(doc=rfc, type='published_rfc', time = '2010-10-10')
+            DocEventFactory.create(doc=rfc, type='published_rfc', time=event_datetime)
             # get the rfc name to avoid a redirect
             rfc_name = rfc.docalias.filter(name__startswith='rfc').first().name
             r = self.client.get(urlreverse("ietf.doc.views_doc.document_main", kwargs=dict(name=rfc_name)))
@@ -1450,7 +1456,7 @@ Man                    Expires September 22, 2015               [Page 3]
             self.assert_correct_non_wg_group_link(r, group)
 
             rfc = WgRfcFactory(name='draft-rfc-document-%s' % group_type_id, group=group)
-            DocEventFactory.create(doc=rfc, type='published_rfc', time = '2010-10-10')
+            DocEventFactory.create(doc=rfc, type='published_rfc', time=event_datetime)
             # get the rfc name to avoid a redirect
             rfc_name = rfc.docalias.filter(name__startswith='rfc').first().name
             r = self.client.get(urlreverse("ietf.doc.views_doc.document_main", kwargs=dict(name=rfc_name)))
@@ -1580,7 +1586,7 @@ class DocTestCase(TestCase):
             name = "session-72-mars-1",
             meeting = Meeting.objects.get(number='72'),
             group = Group.objects.get(acronym='mars'),
-            modified = datetime.datetime.now(),
+            modified = timezone.now(),
             add_to_schedule=False,
         )
         SchedulingEvent.objects.create(
@@ -1610,7 +1616,7 @@ class DocTestCase(TestCase):
             type="changed_ballot_position",
             pos_id="yes",
             comment="Looks fine to me",
-            comment_time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+            comment_time=timezone.now(),
             balloter=Person.objects.get(user__username="ad"),
             by=Person.objects.get(name="(System)"))
 
@@ -1644,7 +1650,7 @@ class DocTestCase(TestCase):
             type="changed_ballot_position",
             pos_id="noobj",
             comment="Still looks okay to me",
-            comment_time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+            comment_time=timezone.now(),
             balloter=Person.objects.get(user__username="ad"),
             by=Person.objects.get(name="(System)"))
 
@@ -1666,7 +1672,7 @@ class DocTestCase(TestCase):
                 type="changed_ballot_position",
                 pos_id="yes",
                 comment="Looks fine to me",
-                comment_time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+                comment_time=timezone.now(),
                 balloter=Person.objects.get(user__username="ad"),
                 by=Person.objects.get(name="(System)"))
 
@@ -1836,7 +1842,7 @@ class DocTestCase(TestCase):
             desc="Last call\x0b",  # include a control character to be sure it does not break anything
             type="sent_last_call",
             by=Person.objects.get(user__username="secretary"),
-            expires=datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=7))
+            expires=datetime_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) + datetime.timedelta(days=7))
 
         r = self.client.get("/feed/last-call/")
         self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)
@@ -1884,10 +1890,14 @@ class DocTestCase(TestCase):
                   #other_aliases = ['rfc6020',],
                   states = [('draft','rfc'),('draft-iesg','pub')],
                   std_level_id = 'ps',
-                  time = datetime.datetime(2010,10,10),
+                  time = datetime.datetime(2010, 10, 10, tzinfo=ZoneInfo(settings.TIME_ZONE)),
               )
         num = rfc.rfc_number()
-        DocEventFactory.create(doc=rfc, type='published_rfc', time = '2010-10-10')
+        DocEventFactory.create(
+            doc=rfc,
+            type='published_rfc',
+            time=datetime.datetime(2010, 10, 10, tzinfo=RPC_TZINFO),
+        )
         #
         url = urlreverse('ietf.doc.views_doc.document_bibtex', kwargs=dict(name=rfc.name))
         r = self.client.get(url)
@@ -1905,10 +1915,14 @@ class DocTestCase(TestCase):
                   stream_id =       'ise',
                   states =          [('draft','rfc'),('draft-iesg','pub')],
                   std_level_id =    'inf',
-                  time =            datetime.datetime(1990,0o4,0o1),
+                  time =            datetime.datetime(1990, 4, 1, tzinfo=ZoneInfo(settings.TIME_ZONE)),
               )
         num = april1.rfc_number()
-        DocEventFactory.create(doc=april1, type='published_rfc', time = '1990-04-01')
+        DocEventFactory.create(
+            doc=april1,
+            type='published_rfc',
+            time=datetime.datetime(1990, 4, 1, tzinfo=RPC_TZINFO),
+        )
         #
         url = urlreverse('ietf.doc.views_doc.document_bibtex', kwargs=dict(name=april1.name))
         r = self.client.get(url)
@@ -2043,7 +2057,8 @@ class GenerateDraftAliasesTests(TestCase):
        super().tearDown()
 
    def testManagementCommand(self):
-       a_month_ago = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(30)
+       a_month_ago = (timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(30)).astimezone(RPC_TZINFO)
+       a_month_ago = a_month_ago.replace(hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)
        ad = RoleFactory(name_id='ad', group__type_id='area', group__state_id='active').person
        shepherd = PersonFactory()
        author1 = PersonFactory()
@@ -2058,9 +2073,9 @@ class GenerateDraftAliasesTests(TestCase):
        doc1 = IndividualDraftFactory(authors=[author1], shepherd=shepherd.email(), ad=ad)
        doc2 = WgDraftFactory(name='draft-ietf-mars-test', group__acronym='mars', authors=[author2], ad=ad)
        doc3 = WgRfcFactory.create(name='draft-ietf-mars-finished', group__acronym='mars', authors=[author3], ad=ad, std_level_id='ps', states=[('draft','rfc'),('draft-iesg','pub')], time=a_month_ago)
-       DocEventFactory.create(doc=doc3, type='published_rfc', time=a_month_ago.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
-       doc4 = WgRfcFactory.create(authors=[author4,author5], ad=ad, std_level_id='ps', states=[('draft','rfc'),('draft-iesg','pub')], time=datetime.datetime(2010,10,10))
-       DocEventFactory.create(doc=doc4, type='published_rfc', time = '2010-10-10')
+       DocEventFactory.create(doc=doc3, type='published_rfc', time=a_month_ago)
+       doc4 = WgRfcFactory.create(authors=[author4,author5], ad=ad, std_level_id='ps', states=[('draft','rfc'),('draft-iesg','pub')], time=datetime.datetime(2010,10,10, tzinfo=ZoneInfo(settings.TIME_ZONE)))
+       DocEventFactory.create(doc=doc4, type='published_rfc', time=datetime.datetime(2010, 10, 10, tzinfo=RPC_TZINFO))
        doc5 = IndividualDraftFactory(authors=[author6])
 
        args = [ ]
diff --git a/ietf/doc/tests_ballot.py b/ietf/doc/tests_ballot.py
index 317e4e3a1..163a98a46 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/tests_ballot.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/tests_ballot.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 from django.test import RequestFactory
 from django.utils.text import slugify
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 from ietf.doc.models import (Document, State, DocEvent,
                              BallotPositionDocEvent, LastCallDocEvent, WriteupDocEvent, TelechatDocEvent)
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ class EditPositionTests(TestCase):
         draft = WgDraftFactory(ad=ad)
         url = urlreverse('ietf.doc.views_ballot.api_set_position')
         create_ballot_if_not_open(None, draft, ad, 'approve')
-        ad.user.last_login = datetime.datetime.now()
+        ad.user.last_login = timezone.now()
         ad.user.save()
         apikey = PersonalApiKey.objects.create(endpoint=url, person=ad)
 
@@ -238,9 +239,9 @@ class EditPositionTests(TestCase):
             doc=draft, rev=draft.rev, type="changed_ballot_position",
             by=ad, balloter=ad, ballot=ballot, pos=BallotPositionName.objects.get(slug="discuss"),
             discuss="This draft seems to be lacking a clearer title?",
-            discuss_time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+            discuss_time=timezone.now(),
             comment="Test!",
-            comment_time=datetime.datetime.now())
+            comment_time=timezone.now())
         
         url = urlreverse('ietf.doc.views_ballot.send_ballot_comment', kwargs=dict(name=draft.name,
                                                                 ballot_id=ballot.pk))
@@ -466,7 +467,7 @@ class BallotWriteupsTests(TestCase):
                     doc=draft,
                     rev=draft.rev,
                     desc='issued last call',
-                    expires = datetime.datetime.now()+datetime.timedelta(days = 1 if case=='future' else -1)
+                    expires = timezone.now()+datetime.timedelta(days = 1 if case=='future' else -1)
                 )
             url = urlreverse('ietf.doc.views_ballot.ballot_writeupnotes', kwargs=dict(name=draft.name))
             login_testing_unauthorized(self, "ad", url)
@@ -791,7 +792,7 @@ class ApproveBallotTests(TestCase):
                   doc=draft,
                   rev=draft.rev,
                   desc='issued last call',
-                  expires = datetime.datetime.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=14) )
+                  expires = timezone.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=14) )
         WriteupDocEvent.objects.create(
                   by=Person.objects.get(name='(System)'),
                   doc=draft,
@@ -1117,7 +1118,7 @@ class RegenerateLastCallTestCase(TestCase):
 
 class BallotContentTests(TestCase):
     def test_ballotpositiondocevent_any_email_sent(self):
-        now = datetime.datetime.now()  # be sure event timestamps are at distinct times
+        now = timezone.now()  # be sure event timestamps are at distinct times
         bpde_with_null_send_email = BallotPositionDocEventFactory(
             time=now - datetime.timedelta(minutes=30),
             send_email=None,
@@ -1219,7 +1220,7 @@ class BallotContentTests(TestCase):
             balloter=balloters[0],
             pos_id='discuss',
             discuss='Discussion text',
-            discuss_time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+            discuss_time=timezone.now(),
             send_email=True,
         )
         BallotPositionDocEventFactory(
@@ -1227,7 +1228,7 @@ class BallotContentTests(TestCase):
             balloter=balloters[1],
             pos_id='noobj',
             comment='Commentary',
-            comment_time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+            comment_time=timezone.now(),
             send_email=True,
         )
 
@@ -1237,7 +1238,7 @@ class BallotContentTests(TestCase):
             balloter=balloters[2],
             pos_id='discuss',
             discuss='Discussion text',
-            discuss_time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+            discuss_time=timezone.now(),
             send_email=False,
         )
         BallotPositionDocEventFactory(
@@ -1245,7 +1246,7 @@ class BallotContentTests(TestCase):
             balloter=balloters[3],
             pos_id='noobj',
             comment='Commentary',
-            comment_time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+            comment_time=timezone.now(),
             send_email=False,
         )
 
@@ -1255,7 +1256,7 @@ class BallotContentTests(TestCase):
             balloter=balloters[4],
             pos_id='discuss',
             discuss='Discussion text',
-            discuss_time=datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1),
+            discuss_time=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1),
             send_email=True,
         )
         BallotPositionDocEventFactory(
@@ -1263,7 +1264,7 @@ class BallotContentTests(TestCase):
             balloter=balloters[4],
             pos_id='discuss',
             discuss='Discussion text',
-            discuss_time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+            discuss_time=timezone.now(),
             send_email=False,
         )
         BallotPositionDocEventFactory(
@@ -1271,7 +1272,7 @@ class BallotContentTests(TestCase):
             balloter=balloters[5],
             pos_id='noobj',
             comment='Commentary',
-            comment_time=datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1),
+            comment_time=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1),
             send_email=True,
         )
         BallotPositionDocEventFactory(
@@ -1279,7 +1280,7 @@ class BallotContentTests(TestCase):
             balloter=balloters[5],
             pos_id='noobj',
             comment='Commentary',
-            comment_time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+            comment_time=timezone.now(),
             send_email=False,
         )
 
@@ -1296,7 +1297,7 @@ class BallotContentTests(TestCase):
             balloter__plain='plain name1',
             pos_id='discuss',
             discuss='Discussion text',
-            discuss_time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+            discuss_time=timezone.now(),
             send_email=False,
         ).balloter
         send_email_balloter = BallotPositionDocEventFactory(
@@ -1304,7 +1305,7 @@ class BallotContentTests(TestCase):
             balloter__plain='plain name2',
             pos_id='discuss',
             discuss='Discussion text',
-            discuss_time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+            discuss_time=timezone.now(),
             send_email=True,
         ).balloter
         prev_send_email_balloter = BallotPositionDocEventFactory(
@@ -1312,7 +1313,7 @@ class BallotContentTests(TestCase):
             balloter__plain='plain name3',
             pos_id='discuss',
             discuss='Discussion text',
-            discuss_time=datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1),
+            discuss_time=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1),
             send_email=True,
         ).balloter
         BallotPositionDocEventFactory(
@@ -1320,7 +1321,7 @@ class BallotContentTests(TestCase):
             balloter=prev_send_email_balloter,
             pos_id='discuss',
             discuss='Discussion text',
-            discuss_time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+            discuss_time=timezone.now(),
             send_email=False,
         )
 
@@ -1351,7 +1352,7 @@ class BallotContentTests(TestCase):
             balloter=balloters[0],
             pos_id='discuss',
             discuss='Discussion text',
-            discuss_time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+            discuss_time=timezone.now(),
             send_email=None,
         )
         BallotPositionDocEventFactory(
@@ -1359,7 +1360,7 @@ class BallotContentTests(TestCase):
             balloter=balloters[1],
             pos_id='noobj',
             comment='Commentary',
-            comment_time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+            comment_time=timezone.now(),
             send_email=None,
         )
         old_balloter = BallotPositionDocEventFactory(
@@ -1367,7 +1368,7 @@ class BallotContentTests(TestCase):
             balloter__plain='plain name',  # ensure plain name is slugifiable
             pos_id='discuss',
             discuss='Discussion text',
-            discuss_time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+            discuss_time=timezone.now(),
             send_email=None,
         ).balloter
 
diff --git a/ietf/doc/tests_bofreq.py b/ietf/doc/tests_bofreq.py
index 4d02108d0..9925ec3d1 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/tests_bofreq.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/tests_bofreq.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from html import unescape
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
 from django.template.loader import render_to_string
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 from ietf.group.factories import RoleFactory
 from ietf.doc.factories import BofreqFactory, NewRevisionDocEventFactory
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ This test section has some text.
         states = State.objects.filter(type_id='bofreq')
         self.assertTrue(states.count()>0)
         for i in range(3*len(states)):
-           BofreqFactory(states=[('bofreq',states[i%len(states)].slug)],newrevisiondocevent__time=datetime.datetime.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=randint(0,20)))
+           BofreqFactory(states=[('bofreq',states[i%len(states)].slug)],newrevisiondocevent__time=timezone.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=randint(0,20)))
         r = self.client.get(url)
         self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)
         q = PyQuery(r.content)
diff --git a/ietf/doc/tests_charter.py b/ietf/doc/tests_charter.py
index 8732b7701..c420fdd0a 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/tests_charter.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/tests_charter.py
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ from ietf.person.models import Person
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import TestCase
 from ietf.utils.mail import outbox, empty_outbox, get_payload_text
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import login_testing_unauthorized
+from ietf.utils.timezone import datetime_today, date_today, DEADLINE_TZINFO
+
 
 class ViewCharterTests(TestCase):
     def test_view_revisions(self):
@@ -402,7 +404,7 @@ class EditCharterTests(TestCase):
 
         # Make it so that the charter has been through internal review, and passed its external review
         # ballot on a previous telechat 
-        last_week = datetime.date.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=7)
+        last_week = datetime_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) - datetime.timedelta(days=7)
         BallotDocEvent.objects.create(type='created_ballot',by=login,doc=charter, rev=charter.rev,
                                       ballot_type=BallotType.objects.get(doc_type=charter.type,slug='r-extrev'),
                                       time=last_week)
@@ -746,7 +748,7 @@ class EditCharterTests(TestCase):
 
         charter.set_state(State.objects.get(used=True, type="charter", slug="iesgrev"))
 
-        due_date = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=180)
+        due_date = date_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) + datetime.timedelta(days=180)
         m1 = GroupMilestone.objects.create(group=group,
                                            state_id="active",
                                            desc="Has been copied",
@@ -826,7 +828,7 @@ class EditCharterTests(TestCase):
         m = GroupMilestone.objects.create(group=charter.group,
                                           state_id="active",
                                           desc="Test milestone",
-                                          due=datetime.date.today(),
+                                          due=date_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO),
                                           resolved="")
 
         url = urlreverse('ietf.doc.views_charter.charter_with_milestones_txt', kwargs=dict(name=charter.name, rev=charter.rev))
diff --git a/ietf/doc/tests_draft.py b/ietf/doc/tests_draft.py
index 3a0f0315c..a4cb02f11 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/tests_draft.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/tests_draft.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from pyquery import PyQuery
 
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
 from django.conf import settings
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.html import escape
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ from ietf.iesg.models import TelechatDate
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import login_testing_unauthorized
 from ietf.utils.mail import outbox, empty_outbox, get_payload_text
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import TestCase
+from ietf.utils.timezone import date_today, datetime_from_date
 
 
 class ChangeStateTests(TestCase):
@@ -401,11 +403,11 @@ class EditInfoTests(TestCase):
 
         # change to a telechat that should cause returning item to be auto-detected
         # First, make it appear that the previous telechat has already passed
-        telechat_event.telechat_date = datetime.date.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=7)
+        telechat_event.telechat_date = date_today() - datetime.timedelta(days=7)
         telechat_event.save()
         ad = Person.objects.get(user__username="ad")
         ballot = create_ballot_if_not_open(None, draft, ad, 'approve')
-        ballot.time = telechat_event.telechat_date
+        ballot.time = datetime_from_date(telechat_event.telechat_date)
         ballot.save()
 
         r = self.client.post(url, data)
@@ -428,7 +430,7 @@ class EditInfoTests(TestCase):
         self.assertTrue("Telechat update" in outbox[-1]['Subject'])
 
         # Put it on an agenda that's very soon from now
-        next_week = datetime.date.today()+datetime.timedelta(days=7)
+        next_week = date_today() + datetime.timedelta(days=7)
         td =  TelechatDate.objects.active()[0]
         td.date = next_week
         td.save()
@@ -618,7 +620,7 @@ class ResurrectTests(DraftFileMixin, TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(draft.docevent_set.count(), events_before + 1)
         self.assertEqual(draft.latest_event().type, "completed_resurrect")
         self.assertEqual(draft.get_state_slug(), "active")
-        self.assertTrue(draft.expires >= datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=settings.INTERNET_DRAFT_DAYS_TO_EXPIRE - 1))
+        self.assertTrue(draft.expires >= timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=settings.INTERNET_DRAFT_DAYS_TO_EXPIRE - 1))
         self.assertEqual(len(outbox), mailbox_before + 1)
         self.assertTrue('Resurrection Completed' in outbox[-1]['Subject'])
         self.assertTrue('iesg-secretary' in outbox[-1]['To'])
@@ -659,7 +661,7 @@ class ExpireIDsTests(DraftFileMixin, TestCase):
 
         # hack into expirable state
         draft.set_state(State.objects.get(type_id='draft-iesg',slug='idexists'))
-        draft.expires = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=10)
+        draft.expires = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=10)
         draft.save_with_history([DocEvent.objects.create(doc=draft, rev=draft.rev, type="changed_document", by=Person.objects.get(user__username="secretary"), desc="Test")])
 
         self.assertEqual(len(list(get_soon_to_expire_drafts(14))), 1)
@@ -698,7 +700,7 @@ class ExpireIDsTests(DraftFileMixin, TestCase):
         
         # hack into expirable state
         draft.set_state(State.objects.get(type_id='draft-iesg',slug='idexists'))
-        draft.expires = datetime.datetime.now()
+        draft.expires = timezone.now()
         draft.save_with_history([DocEvent.objects.create(doc=draft, rev=draft.rev, type="changed_document", by=Person.objects.get(user__username="secretary"), desc="Test")])
 
         self.assertEqual(len(list(get_expired_drafts())), 1)
@@ -741,7 +743,7 @@ class ExpireIDsTests(DraftFileMixin, TestCase):
 
         draft.delete()
 
-        rgdraft = RgDraftFactory(expires=datetime.datetime.now())
+        rgdraft = RgDraftFactory(expires=timezone.now())
         self.assertEqual(len(list(get_expired_drafts())), 1)
         for slug in ('iesg-rev','irsgpoll'):
             rgdraft.set_state(State.objects.get(type_id='draft-stream-irtf',slug=slug))
@@ -791,7 +793,7 @@ class ExpireIDsTests(DraftFileMixin, TestCase):
 
         # expire draft
         draft.set_state(State.objects.get(used=True, type="draft", slug="expired"))
-        draft.expires = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
+        draft.expires = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
         draft.save_with_history([DocEvent.objects.create(doc=draft, rev=draft.rev, type="changed_document", by=Person.objects.get(user__username="secretary"), desc="Test")])
 
         e = DocEvent(doc=draft, rev=draft.rev, type= "expired_document", time=draft.expires,
@@ -824,7 +826,7 @@ class ExpireLastCallTests(TestCase):
 
         e = LastCallDocEvent(doc=draft, rev=draft.rev, type="sent_last_call", by=secretary)
         e.text = "Last call sent"
-        e.expires = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=14)
+        e.expires = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=14)
         e.save()
         
         self.assertEqual(len(list(get_expired_last_calls())), 0)
@@ -832,7 +834,7 @@ class ExpireLastCallTests(TestCase):
         # test expired
         e = LastCallDocEvent(doc=draft, rev=draft.rev, type="sent_last_call", by=secretary)
         e.text = "Last call sent"
-        e.expires = datetime.datetime.now()
+        e.expires = timezone.now()
         e.save()
         
         drafts = list(get_expired_last_calls())
@@ -866,7 +868,7 @@ class ExpireLastCallTests(TestCase):
         e = LastCallDocEvent(doc=draft, rev=draft.rev, type="sent_last_call", by=secretary)
         e.text = "Last call sent"
         e.desc = "Blah, blah, blah.\n\nThis document makes the following downward references (downrefs):\n  ** Downref: Normative reference to an Experimental RFC: RFC 4764"
-        e.expires = datetime.datetime.now()
+        e.expires = timezone.now()
         e.save()
         
         drafts = list(get_expired_last_calls())
@@ -1730,7 +1732,7 @@ class ChangeStreamStateTests(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(draft.docevent_set.count() - events_before, 2)
         reminder = DocReminder.objects.filter(event__doc=draft, type="stream-s")
         self.assertEqual(len(reminder), 1)
-        due = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(weeks=10)
+        due = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(weeks=10)
         self.assertTrue(due - datetime.timedelta(days=1) <= reminder[0].due <= due + datetime.timedelta(days=1))
         self.assertEqual(len(outbox), 1)
         self.assertTrue("state changed" in outbox[0]["Subject"].lower())
@@ -1775,7 +1777,7 @@ class ChangeStreamStateTests(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(draft.docevent_set.count() - events_before, 2)
         reminder = DocReminder.objects.filter(event__doc=draft, type="stream-s")
         self.assertEqual(len(reminder), 1)
-        due = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(weeks=10)
+        due = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(weeks=10)
         self.assertTrue(due - datetime.timedelta(days=1) <= reminder[0].due <= due + datetime.timedelta(days=1))
         self.assertEqual(len(outbox), 1)
         self.assertTrue("state changed" in outbox[0]["Subject"].lower())
@@ -1826,7 +1828,7 @@ class ChangeReplacesTests(TestCase):
             name="draft-test-base-b",
             title="Base B",
             group=mars_wg,
-            expires = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days = 365 - settings.INTERNET_DRAFT_DAYS_TO_EXPIRE),
+            expires = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days = 365 - settings.INTERNET_DRAFT_DAYS_TO_EXPIRE),
         )
         p = PersonFactory(name="baseb_author")
         e = Email.objects.create(address="baseb_author@example.com", person=p, origin=p.user.username)
diff --git a/ietf/doc/tests_irsg_ballot.py b/ietf/doc/tests_irsg_ballot.py
index f178bb4e5..97074197a 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/tests_irsg_ballot.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/tests_irsg_ballot.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from ietf.doc.utils import create_ballot_if_not_open, close_ballot
 from ietf.person.utils import get_active_irsg, get_active_ads
 from ietf.group.factories import RoleFactory
 from ietf.person.models import Person
+from ietf.utils.timezone import datetime_today, DEADLINE_TZINFO
 
 
 class IssueIRSGBallotTests(TestCase):
@@ -254,7 +255,7 @@ class IssueIRSGBallotTests(TestCase):
         irsgmember = get_active_irsg()[0]
         secr = RoleFactory(group__acronym='secretariat',name_id='secr')
         wg_ballot = create_ballot_if_not_open(None, wg_draft, ad.person, 'approve')
-        due = datetime.date.today()+datetime.timedelta(days=14)
+        due = datetime_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) + datetime.timedelta(days=14)
         rg_ballot = create_ballot_if_not_open(None, rg_draft, secr.person, 'irsg-approve', due)
 
         url = urlreverse('ietf.doc.views_ballot.edit_position', kwargs=dict(name=wg_draft.name, ballot_id=wg_ballot.pk))
diff --git a/ietf/doc/tests_material.py b/ietf/doc/tests_material.py
index 1e922197d..05bbc2078 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/tests_material.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/tests_material.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 import os
 import shutil
-import datetime
 import io
 
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -14,6 +13,7 @@ import debug              # pyflakes:ignore
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 from ietf.doc.models import Document, State, DocAlias, NewRevisionDocEvent
 from ietf.group.factories import RoleFactory
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ class GroupMaterialTests(TestCase):
             name = "session-42-mars-1",
             meeting = Meeting.objects.get(number='42'),
             group = Group.objects.get(acronym='mars'),
-            modified = datetime.datetime.now(),
+            modified = timezone.now(),
         )
         SchedulingEvent.objects.create(
             session=session,
diff --git a/ietf/doc/tests_review.py b/ietf/doc/tests_review.py
index 7e902514d..6ff804af3 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/tests_review.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/tests_review.py
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ import email.mime.multipart, email.mime.text, email.utils
 from mock import patch
 from requests import Response
 
-
 from django.apps import apps
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
 from django.conf import settings
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 from pyquery import PyQuery
 
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ from ietf.utils.mail import outbox, empty_outbox, parseaddr, on_behalf_of, get_p
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import login_testing_unauthorized, reload_db_objects
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import TestCase
 from ietf.utils.text import strip_prefix, xslugify
+from ietf.utils.timezone import DEADLINE_TZINFO
 from django.utils.html import escape
 
 class ReviewTests(TestCase):
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         RoleFactory(group=review_team,person__user__username='reviewsecretary',person__user__email='reviewsecretary@example.com',name_id='secr')
         RoleFactory(group=review_team3,person__user__username='reviewsecretary3',person__user__email='reviewsecretary3@example.com',name_id='secr')
 
-        req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='assigned',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=datetime.datetime.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
+        req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='assigned',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=timezone.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
         ReviewAssignmentFactory(review_request = req, reviewer = rev_role.person.email_set.first(), state_id='accepted')
 
         url = urlreverse('ietf.doc.views_review.request_review', kwargs={ "name": doc.name })
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         doc = WgDraftFactory(group__acronym='mars',rev='01')
         review_team = ReviewTeamFactory(acronym="reviewteam", name="Review Team", type_id="review", list_email="reviewteam@ietf.org", parent=Group.objects.get(acronym="farfut"))
         rev_role = RoleFactory(group=review_team,person__user__username='reviewer',person__user__email='reviewer@example.com',name_id='reviewer')
-        review_req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='assigned',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=datetime.datetime.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
+        review_req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='assigned',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=timezone.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
         ReviewAssignmentFactory(review_request=review_req, reviewer=rev_role.person.email_set.first(), state_id='accepted')
 
         # move the review request to a doubly-replaced document to
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         doc = WgDraftFactory(group__acronym='mars',rev='01', authors=[author])
         review_team = ReviewTeamFactory(acronym="reviewteam", name="Review Team", type_id="review", list_email="reviewteam@ietf.org", parent=Group.objects.get(acronym="farfut"))
         rev_role = RoleFactory(group=review_team,person__user__username='reviewer',person__user__email='reviewer@example.com',name_id='reviewer')
-        review_req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='assigned',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=datetime.datetime.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
+        review_req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='assigned',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=timezone.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
         ReviewAssignmentFactory(review_request = review_req, reviewer = rev_role.person.email_set.first(), state_id='accepted')
 
         url = urlreverse('ietf.doc.views_review.review_request', kwargs={ "name": doc.name, "request_id": review_req.pk })
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         rev_role = RoleFactory(group=review_team,person__user__username='reviewer',person__user__email='reviewer@example.com',name_id='reviewer')
         RoleFactory(group=review_team,person__user__username='reviewsecretary',person__user__email='reviewsecretary@example.com',name_id='secr')
         RoleFactory(group=review_team,person__user__username='reviewsecretary2',person__user__email='reviewsecretary2@example.com',name_id='secr')
-        review_req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='assigned',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=datetime.datetime.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
+        review_req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='assigned',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=timezone.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
         ReviewAssignmentFactory(review_request=review_req, state_id='accepted', reviewer=rev_role.person.email_set.first())
 
         close_url = urlreverse('ietf.doc.views_review.close_request', kwargs={ "name": doc.name, "request_id": review_req.pk })
@@ -260,7 +261,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
 
         # previous review
         req = ReviewRequestFactory(
-            time=datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=100),
+            time=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=100),
             requested_by=Person.objects.get(name="(System)"),
             doc=doc,
             type_id='early',
@@ -372,7 +373,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         doc = WgDraftFactory(group__acronym='mars',rev='01')
         review_team = ReviewTeamFactory(acronym="reviewteam", name="Review Team", type_id="review", list_email="reviewteam@ietf.org", parent=Group.objects.get(acronym="farfut"))
         rev_role = RoleFactory(group=review_team,person__user__username='reviewer',person__user__email='reviewer@example.com',name_id='reviewer')
-        review_req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='assigned',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=datetime.datetime.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
+        review_req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='assigned',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=timezone.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
         assignment = ReviewAssignmentFactory(review_request=review_req, state_id='assigned', reviewer=rev_role.person.email_set.first())
 
         url = urlreverse('ietf.doc.views_review.review_request', kwargs={ "name": doc.name, "request_id": review_req.pk })
@@ -395,7 +396,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         review_team = ReviewTeamFactory(acronym="reviewteam", name="Review Team", type_id="review", list_email="reviewteam@ietf.org", parent=Group.objects.get(acronym="farfut"))
         rev_role = RoleFactory(group=review_team,person__user__username='reviewer',person__user__email='reviewer@example.com',name_id='reviewer')
         RoleFactory(group=review_team,person__user__username='reviewsecretary',person__user__email='reviewsecretary@example.com',name_id='secr')
-        review_req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='assigned',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=datetime.datetime.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
+        review_req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='assigned',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=timezone.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
         assignment = ReviewAssignmentFactory(review_request = review_req, reviewer=rev_role.person.email_set.first(), state_id='accepted')
 
         reject_url = urlreverse('ietf.doc.views_review.reject_reviewer_assignment', kwargs={ "name": doc.name, "assignment_id": assignment.pk })
@@ -495,7 +496,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         review_team = ReviewTeamFactory(acronym="reviewteam", name="Review Team", type_id="review", list_email="reviewteam@ietf.org", parent=Group.objects.get(acronym="farfut"))
         rev_role = RoleFactory(group=review_team,person__user__username='reviewer',person__user__email='reviewer@example.com',name_id='reviewer')
         RoleFactory(group=review_team,person__user__username='reviewsecretary',person__user__email='reviewsecretary@example.com',name_id='secr')
-        review_req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='assigned',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=datetime.datetime.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
+        review_req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='assigned',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=timezone.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
         assignment = ReviewAssignmentFactory(review_request=review_req, reviewer=rev_role.person.email_set.first(), state_id='accepted')
 
         # test URL construction
@@ -587,7 +588,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         review_team = ReviewTeamFactory(acronym="reviewteam", name="Review Team", type_id="review", list_email="reviewteam@ietf.org", parent=Group.objects.get(acronym="farfut"))
         rev_role = RoleFactory(group=review_team,person__user__username='reviewer',person__user__email='reviewer@example.com',name_id='reviewer')
         RoleFactory(group=review_team,person__user__username='reviewsecretary',person__user__email='reviewsecretary@example.com',name_id='secr')
-        review_req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='assigned',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=datetime.datetime.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
+        review_req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='assigned',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=timezone.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
         assignment = ReviewAssignmentFactory(review_request=review_req, state_id='accepted', reviewer=rev_role.person.email_set.first())
         for r in ReviewResultName.objects.filter(slug__in=("issues", "ready")):
             review_req.team.reviewteamsettings.review_results.add(r)
@@ -699,7 +700,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         assignment = reload_db_objects(assignment)
         self.assertEqual(assignment.state_id, "completed")
         # Completed time should be close to now, but will not be exactly, so check within 10s margin
-        completed_time_diff = datetime.datetime.now() - assignment.completed_on
+        completed_time_diff = timezone.now() - assignment.completed_on
         self.assertLess(completed_time_diff, datetime.timedelta(seconds=10))
 
         with io.open(os.path.join(self.review_subdir, assignment.review.name + ".txt")) as f:
@@ -733,15 +734,15 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         # The secretary is allowed to set a custom completion date (#2590)
         assignment = reload_db_objects(assignment)
         self.assertEqual(assignment.state_id, "completed")
-        self.assertEqual(assignment.completed_on, datetime.datetime(2012, 12, 24, 12, 13, 14))
+        self.assertEqual(assignment.completed_on, datetime.datetime(2012, 12, 24, 12, 13, 14, tzinfo=DEADLINE_TZINFO))
 
         # There should be two events:
         # - the event logging when the change when it was entered, i.e. very close to now.
         # - the completion of the review, set to the provided date/time
         events = ReviewAssignmentDocEvent.objects.filter(doc=assignment.review_request.doc).order_by('-time')
-        event0_time_diff = datetime.datetime.now() - events[0].time
+        event0_time_diff = timezone.now() - events[0].time
         self.assertLess(event0_time_diff, datetime.timedelta(seconds=10))
-        self.assertEqual(events[1].time, datetime.datetime(2012, 12, 24, 12, 13, 14))
+        self.assertEqual(events[1].time, datetime.datetime(2012, 12, 24, 12, 13, 14, tzinfo=DEADLINE_TZINFO))
         
         with io.open(os.path.join(self.review_subdir, assignment.review.name + ".txt")) as f:
             self.assertEqual(f.read(), "This is a review\nwith two lines")
@@ -985,7 +986,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(assignment.state_id, "completed")
         # The revision event time should be the date the revision was submitted, i.e. not backdated
         event1 = assignment.review_request.doc.latest_event(ReviewAssignmentDocEvent)
-        event_time_diff = datetime.datetime.now() - event1.time
+        event_time_diff = timezone.now() - event1.time
         self.assertLess(event_time_diff, datetime.timedelta(seconds=10))
         self.assertTrue('revised' in event1.desc.lower())
 
@@ -1012,7 +1013,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         assignment = reload_db_objects(assignment)
         self.assertEqual(assignment.review.rev, "01")
         event2 = assignment.review_request.doc.latest_event(ReviewAssignmentDocEvent)
-        event_time_diff = datetime.datetime.now() - event2.time
+        event_time_diff = timezone.now() - event2.time
         self.assertLess(event_time_diff, datetime.timedelta(seconds=10))
         # Ensure that a new event was created for the new revision (#2590)
         self.assertNotEqual(event1.id, event2.id)
@@ -1024,7 +1025,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         review_team = ReviewTeamFactory(acronym="reviewteam", name="Review Team", type_id="review", list_email="reviewteam@ietf.org", parent=Group.objects.get(acronym="farfut"))
         rev_role = RoleFactory(group=review_team,person__user__username='reviewer',person__user__email='reviewer@example.com',name_id='reviewer')
         RoleFactory(group=review_team,person__user__username='reviewsecretary',person__user__email='reviewsecretary@example.com',name_id='secr')
-        review_req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='assigned',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=datetime.datetime.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
+        review_req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='assigned',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=timezone.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
         ReviewAssignmentFactory(review_request = review_req, reviewer = rev_role.person.email_set.first(), state_id='accepted')
 
         url = urlreverse('ietf.doc.views_review.edit_comment', kwargs={ "name": doc.name, "request_id": review_req.pk })
@@ -1046,7 +1047,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         review_team = ReviewTeamFactory(acronym="reviewteam", name="Review Team", type_id="review", list_email="reviewteam@ietf.org", parent=Group.objects.get(acronym="farfut"))
         rev_role = RoleFactory(group=review_team,person__user__username='reviewer',person__user__email='reviewer@example.com',name_id='reviewer')
         RoleFactory(group=review_team,person__user__username='reviewsecretary',person__user__email='reviewsecretary@example.com',name_id='secr')
-        review_req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='accepted',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=datetime.datetime.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
+        review_req = ReviewRequestFactory(doc=doc,team=review_team,type_id='early',state_id='accepted',requested_by=rev_role.person,deadline=timezone.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=20))
         ReviewAssignmentFactory(review_request = review_req, reviewer = rev_role.person.email_set.first(), state_id='accepted')
 
         url = urlreverse('ietf.doc.views_review.edit_deadline', kwargs={ "name": doc.name, "request_id": review_req.pk })
diff --git a/ietf/doc/tests_utils.py b/ietf/doc/tests_utils.py
index aef6eb69a..001bd9737 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/tests_utils.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/tests_utils.py
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class ActionHoldersTests(TestCase):
         doc = self.doc_in_iesg_state('pub-req')
         doc.action_holders.set([self.ad])
         dah = doc.documentactionholder_set.get(person=self.ad)
-        dah.time_added = datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 1)  # arbitrary date in the past
+        dah.time_added = datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 1, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)  # arbitrary date in the past
         dah.save()
 
         self.assertNotEqual(doc.documentactionholder_set.get(person=self.ad).time_added.date(), datetime.date.today())
diff --git a/ietf/doc/utils.py b/ietf/doc/utils.py
index f9ea81387..13cfe5265 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/utils.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/utils.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from django.contrib import messages
 from django.forms import ValidationError
 from django.template.loader import render_to_string
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.html import escape
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
 
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ from ietf.review.models import ReviewWish
 from ietf.utils import draft, log
 from ietf.utils.mail import send_mail
 from ietf.mailtrigger.utils import gather_address_lists
+from ietf.utils.timezone import date_today, datetime_from_date, datetime_today, DEADLINE_TZINFO
 from ietf.utils.xmldraft import XMLDraft
 
 
@@ -636,11 +638,22 @@ def has_same_ballot(doc, date1, date2=None):
     """ Test if the most recent ballot created before the end of date1
         is the same as the most recent ballot created before the
         end of date 2. """
+    datetime1 = datetime_from_date(date1, DEADLINE_TZINFO)
     if date2 is None:
-        date2 = datetime.date.today()
-    ballot1 = doc.latest_event(BallotDocEvent,type='created_ballot',time__lt=date1+datetime.timedelta(days=1))
-    ballot2 = doc.latest_event(BallotDocEvent,type='created_ballot',time__lt=date2+datetime.timedelta(days=1))
-    return ballot1==ballot2
+        datetime2 = datetime_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO)
+    else:
+        datetime2 = datetime_from_date(date2, DEADLINE_TZINFO)
+    ballot1 = doc.latest_event(
+        BallotDocEvent,
+        type='created_ballot',
+        time__lt=datetime1 + datetime.timedelta(days=1),
+    )
+    ballot2 = doc.latest_event(
+        BallotDocEvent,
+        type='created_ballot',
+        time__lt=datetime2 + datetime.timedelta(days=1),
+    )
+    return ballot1 == ballot2
 
 def make_notify_changed_event(request, doc, by, new_notify, time=None):
 
@@ -686,7 +699,7 @@ def update_telechat(request, doc, by, new_telechat_date, new_returning_item=None
          and on_agenda
          and prev_agenda
          and new_telechat_date != prev_telechat
-         and prev_telechat < datetime.date.today()
+         and prev_telechat < date_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO)
          and has_same_ballot(doc,prev.telechat_date)
        ):
         returning = True
@@ -807,7 +820,7 @@ def set_replaces_for_document(request, doc, new_replaces, by, email_subject, com
             cc.update(other_addrs.cc)
             RelatedDocument.objects.filter(source=doc, target=d, relationship=relationship).delete()
             if not RelatedDocument.objects.filter(target=d, relationship=relationship):
-                s = 'active' if d.document.expires > datetime.datetime.now() else 'expired'
+                s = 'active' if d.document.expires > timezone.now() else 'expired'
                 d.document.set_state(State.objects.get(type='draft', slug=s))
 
     for d in new_replaces:
@@ -955,6 +968,7 @@ def make_rev_history(doc):
                         history[url]['pages'] = d.history_set.filter(rev=e.newrevisiondocevent.rev).first().pages
 
     if doc.type_id == "draft":
+        # e.time.date() agrees with RPC publication date when shown in the RPC_TZINFO time zone
         e = doc.latest_event(type='published_rfc')
     else:
         e = doc.latest_event(type='iesg_approved')
@@ -1118,7 +1132,7 @@ def build_doc_meta_block(doc, path):
             lines[i] = line
         return lines
     #
-    now = datetime.datetime.now()
+    now = timezone.now()
     draft_state = doc.get_state('draft')
     block = ''
     meta = {}
diff --git a/ietf/doc/utils_charter.py b/ietf/doc/utils_charter.py
index ce9552106..43982deab 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/utils_charter.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/utils_charter.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import shutil
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
 from django.template.loader import render_to_string
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import smart_text, force_text
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ def change_group_state_after_charter_approval(group, by):
 
     save_group_in_history(group)
     group.state = new_state
-    group.time = datetime.datetime.now()
+    group.time = timezone.now()
     group.save()
 
     # create an event for the group state change, too
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ def historic_milestones_for_charter(charter, rev):
         # revision (when approving a charter)
         just_before_next_rev = e[0].time - datetime.timedelta(seconds=5)
     else:
-        just_before_next_rev = datetime.datetime.now()
+        just_before_next_rev = timezone.now()
 
     res = []
     if hasattr(charter, 'chartered_group'):
@@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ def derive_new_work_text(review_text,group):
     return smart_text(m.as_string())
 
 def default_review_text(group, charter, by):
-    now = datetime.datetime.now()
+    now = timezone.now()
     addrs = gather_address_lists('charter_external_review',group=group).as_strings(compact=False)
 
     e1 = WriteupDocEvent(doc=charter, rev=charter.rev, by=by)
diff --git a/ietf/doc/utils_search.py b/ietf/doc/utils_search.py
index 47532fdb3..67024ed05 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/utils_search.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/utils_search.py
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ import re
 import datetime
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
+
+from django.conf import settings
+
 from ietf.doc.models import Document, DocAlias, RelatedDocument, DocEvent, TelechatDocEvent, BallotDocEvent
 from ietf.doc.expire import expirable_drafts
 from ietf.doc.utils import augment_docs_and_user_with_user_info
@@ -204,7 +208,7 @@ def prepare_document_table(request, docs, query=None, max_results=200):
         if sort_key == "title":
             res.append(d.title)
         elif sort_key == "date":
-            res.append(str(d.latest_revision_date))
+            res.append(str(d.latest_revision_date.astimezone(ZoneInfo(settings.TIME_ZONE))))
         elif sort_key == "status":
             if rfc_num != None:
                 res.append(num(rfc_num))
diff --git a/ietf/doc/views_ballot.py b/ietf/doc/views_ballot.py
index 7a4e34571..bd6c67737 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/views_ballot.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/views_ballot.py
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ from ietf.person.models import Person
 from ietf.utils.mail import send_mail_text, send_mail_preformatted
 from ietf.utils.decorators import require_api_key
 from ietf.utils.response import permission_denied
+from ietf.utils.timezone import date_today, datetime_from_date, DEADLINE_TZINFO
+
 
 BALLOT_CHOICES = (("yes", "Yes"),
                   ("noobj", "No Objection"),
@@ -1055,9 +1057,11 @@ def make_last_call(request, name):
             e.desc = "The following Last Call announcement was sent out (ends %s):<br><br>" % expiration_date
             e.desc += announcement
 
-            if form.cleaned_data['last_call_sent_date'] != e.time.date():
-                e.time = datetime.datetime.combine(form.cleaned_data['last_call_sent_date'], e.time.time())
-            e.expires = expiration_date
+            e_production_time = e.time.astimezone(DEADLINE_TZINFO)
+            if form.cleaned_data['last_call_sent_date'] != e_production_time.date():
+                lcsd = form.cleaned_data['last_call_sent_date']
+                e.time = e_production_time.replace(year=lcsd.year, month=lcsd.month, day=lcsd.day)  # preserves tzinfo
+            e.expires = datetime_from_date(expiration_date, DEADLINE_TZINFO)
             e.save()
             events.append(e)
 
@@ -1108,7 +1112,7 @@ def issue_irsg_ballot(request, name):
         raise Http404
 
     by = request.user.person
-    fillerdate = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(weeks=2)
+    fillerdate = date_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) + datetime.timedelta(weeks=2)
 
     if request.method == 'POST':
         button = request.POST.get("irsg_button")
@@ -1117,7 +1121,7 @@ def issue_irsg_ballot(request, name):
             e = IRSGBallotDocEvent(doc=doc, rev=doc.rev, by=request.user.person)
             if (duedate == None or duedate==""):
                 duedate = str(fillerdate)
-            e.duedate = datetime.datetime.strptime(duedate, '%Y-%m-%d')
+            e.duedate = datetime_from_date(datetime.datetime.strptime(duedate, '%Y-%m-%d'), DEADLINE_TZINFO)
             e.type = "created_ballot"
             e.desc = "Created IRSG Ballot"
             ballot_type = BallotType.objects.get(doc_type=doc.type, slug="irsg-approve")
diff --git a/ietf/doc/views_charter.py b/ietf/doc/views_charter.py
index c2b88ac47..3f85a19ce 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/views_charter.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/views_charter.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.contrib import messages
 from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from django.utils.html import escape
 
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ def change_state(request, name, option=None):
     chartering_type = get_chartering_type(charter)
 
     initial_review = charter.latest_event(InitialReviewDocEvent, type="initial_review")
-    if charter.get_state_slug() != "infrev" or (initial_review and initial_review.expires < datetime.datetime.now()) or chartering_type == "rechartering":
+    if charter.get_state_slug() != "infrev" or (initial_review and initial_review.expires < timezone.now()) or chartering_type == "rechartering":
         initial_review = None
 
     by = request.user.person
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ def change_state(request, name, option=None):
 
             if charter_state.slug == "infrev" and clean["initial_time"] and clean["initial_time"] != 0:
                 e = InitialReviewDocEvent(type="initial_review", by=by, doc=charter, rev=charter.rev)
-                e.expires = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(weeks=clean["initial_time"])
+                e.expires = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(weeks=clean["initial_time"])
                 e.desc = "Initial review time expires %s" % e.expires.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
                 e.save()
 
@@ -506,7 +507,7 @@ def review_announcement_text(request, name):
         existing_new_work.type = "changed_new_work_text"
         existing_new_work.desc = "%s review text was changed" % group.type.name
         existing_new_work.text = derive_new_work_text(existing.text,group)
-        existing_new_work.time = datetime.datetime.now()
+        existing_new_work.time = timezone.now()
 
     form = ReviewAnnouncementTextForm(initial=dict(announcement_text=escape(existing.text),new_work_text=escape(existing_new_work.text)))
 
@@ -514,7 +515,7 @@ def review_announcement_text(request, name):
         form = ReviewAnnouncementTextForm(request.POST)
         if "save_text" in request.POST and form.is_valid():
 
-            now = datetime.datetime.now()
+            now = timezone.now()
             events = []
 
             t = form.cleaned_data['announcement_text']
diff --git a/ietf/doc/views_doc.py b/ietf/doc/views_doc.py
index e2ec39edc..670aff436 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/views_doc.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/views_doc.py
@@ -967,7 +967,7 @@ def document_bibtex(request, name, rev=None):
 
     latest_revision = doc.latest_event(NewRevisionDocEvent, type="new_revision")
     replaced_by = [d.name for d in doc.related_that("replaces")]
-    published = doc.latest_event(type="published_rfc")
+    published = doc.latest_event(type="published_rfc") is not None
     rfc = latest_revision.doc if latest_revision and latest_revision.doc.get_state_slug() == "rfc" else None
 
     if rev != None and rev != doc.rev:
diff --git a/ietf/doc/views_draft.py b/ietf/doc/views_draft.py
index e0d73855b..a28adcb67 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/views_draft.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/views_draft.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404, redirect
 from django.template.loader import render_to_string
 from django.forms.utils import ErrorList
 from django.template.defaultfilters import pluralize
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -52,6 +53,8 @@ from ietf.utils.mail import send_mail, send_mail_message, on_behalf_of
 from ietf.utils.textupload import get_cleaned_text_file_content
 from ietf.utils import log
 from ietf.utils.response import permission_denied
+from ietf.utils.timezone import datetime_today, DEADLINE_TZINFO
+
 
 class ChangeStateForm(forms.Form):
     state = forms.ModelChoiceField(State.objects.filter(used=True, type="draft-iesg"), empty_label=None, required=True)
@@ -857,7 +860,7 @@ def resurrect(request, name):
         events.append(e)
 
         doc.set_state(State.objects.get(used=True, type="draft", slug="active"))
-        doc.expires = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(settings.INTERNET_DRAFT_DAYS_TO_EXPIRE)
+        doc.expires = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(settings.INTERNET_DRAFT_DAYS_TO_EXPIRE)
         doc.save_with_history(events)
 
         restore_draft_file(request, doc)
@@ -1476,7 +1479,7 @@ def adopt_draft(request, name):
 
                 due_date = None
                 if form.cleaned_data["weeks"] != None:
-                    due_date = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(weeks=form.cleaned_data["weeks"])
+                    due_date = datetime_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) + datetime.timedelta(weeks=form.cleaned_data["weeks"])
 
                 update_reminder(doc, "stream-s", e, due_date)
 
@@ -1667,7 +1670,7 @@ def change_stream_state(request, name, state_type):
 
                 due_date = None
                 if form.cleaned_data["weeks"] != None:
-                    due_date = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(weeks=form.cleaned_data["weeks"])
+                    due_date = datetime_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) + datetime.timedelta(weeks=form.cleaned_data["weeks"])
 
                 update_reminder(doc, "stream-s", e, due_date)
 
diff --git a/ietf/doc/views_review.py b/ietf/doc/views_review.py
index c7d8e5804..1d901ba8a 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/views_review.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/views_review.py
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ import datetime
 import requests
 import email.utils
 
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.http import is_safe_url
+
 from simple_history.utils import update_change_reason
 
 import debug    # pyflakes:ignore
@@ -52,6 +54,8 @@ from ietf.utils.mail import send_mail_message
 from ietf.mailtrigger.utils import gather_address_lists
 from ietf.utils.fields import MultiEmailField
 from ietf.utils.response import permission_denied
+from ietf.utils.timezone import DEADLINE_TZINFO
+
 
 def clean_doc_revision(doc, rev):
     if rev:
@@ -117,7 +121,7 @@ def request_review(request, name):
     if not can_request_review_of_doc(request.user, doc):
         permission_denied(request, "You do not have permission to perform this action")
 
-    now = datetime.datetime.now()
+    now = timezone.now()
 
     lc_ends = None
     e = doc.latest_event(LastCallDocEvent, type="sent_last_call")
@@ -364,7 +368,7 @@ def reject_reviewer_assignment(request, name, assignment_id):
         if form.is_valid():
             # reject the assignment
             review_assignment.state = ReviewAssignmentStateName.objects.get(slug="rejected")
-            review_assignment.completed_on = datetime.datetime.now()
+            review_assignment.completed_on = timezone.now()
             review_assignment.save()
 
             descr = "Assignment of request for {} review by {} to {} was rejected".format(
@@ -731,13 +735,13 @@ def complete_review(request, name, assignment_id=None, acronym=None):
                     review_request=review_request,
                     state_id='assigned',
                     reviewer=form.cleaned_data['reviewer'].role_email('reviewer', group=team),
-                    assigned_on=datetime.datetime.now(),
+                    assigned_on=timezone.now(),
                     review = review,
                 )
 
             review.rev = "00" if not review.rev else "{:02}".format(int(review.rev) + 1)
             review.title = "{} Review of {}-{}".format(assignment.review_request.type.name, assignment.review_request.doc.name, form.cleaned_data["reviewed_rev"])
-            review.time = datetime.datetime.now()
+            review.time = timezone.now()
             if review_submission == "link":
                 review.external_url = form.cleaned_data['review_url']
 
@@ -764,9 +768,13 @@ def complete_review(request, name, assignment_id=None, acronym=None):
             with io.open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as destination:
                 destination.write(content)
 
-            completion_datetime = datetime.datetime.now()
+            completion_datetime = timezone.now()
             if "completion_date" in form.cleaned_data:
-                completion_datetime = datetime.datetime.combine(form.cleaned_data["completion_date"], form.cleaned_data.get("completion_time") or datetime.time.min)
+                completion_datetime = datetime.datetime.combine(
+                    form.cleaned_data["completion_date"],
+                    form.cleaned_data.get("completion_time") or datetime.time.min,
+                    tzinfo=DEADLINE_TZINFO,
+                )
 
             # complete assignment
             assignment.state = form.cleaned_data["state"]
@@ -799,7 +807,7 @@ def complete_review(request, name, assignment_id=None, acronym=None):
             close_event.by = request.user.person
             close_event.desc = desc
             close_event.state = assignment.state
-            close_event.time = datetime.datetime.now()
+            close_event.time = timezone.now()
             close_event.save()
             
             # If the completion date is different, record when the initial review was made too.
diff --git a/ietf/doc/views_search.py b/ietf/doc/views_search.py
index 3854f493c..fdbc8c31b 100644
--- a/ietf/doc/views_search.py
+++ b/ietf/doc/views_search.py
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ def ad_dashboard_sort_key(doc):
         ageseconds = 0
         changetime= doc.latest_event(type='changed_document')
         if changetime:
-            ad = (datetime.datetime.now()-doc.latest_event(type='changed_document').time)
+            ad = (timezone.now()-doc.latest_event(type='changed_document').time)
             ageseconds = (ad.microseconds + (ad.seconds + ad.days * 24 * 3600) * 10**6) / 10**6
         return "1%d%s%s%010d" % (state[0].order,seed,doc.type.slug,ageseconds)
 
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ def recent_drafts(request, days=7):
     cache_key = f'recentdraftsview{days}' 
     cached_val = slowcache.get(cache_key)
     if not cached_val:
-        since = datetime.datetime.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=days)
+        since = timezone.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=days)
         state = State.objects.get(type='draft', slug='active')
         events = NewRevisionDocEvent.objects.filter(time__gt=since)
         names = [ e.doc.name for e in events ]
diff --git a/ietf/group/factories.py b/ietf/group/factories.py
index d8d927d80..e7fbef59a 100644
--- a/ietf/group/factories.py
+++ b/ietf/group/factories.py
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import factory
 
 from typing import List    # pyflakes:ignore
 
+from django.utils import timezone
+
 from ietf.group.models import Group, Role, GroupEvent, GroupMilestone, \
                               GroupHistory, RoleHistory
 from ietf.review.factories import ReviewTeamSettingsFactory
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ class BaseGroupMilestoneFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory):
 
 class DatedGroupMilestoneFactory(BaseGroupMilestoneFactory):
     group = factory.SubFactory(GroupFactory, uses_milestone_dates=True)
-    due = datetime.datetime.today()+datetime.timedelta(days=180)
+    due = timezone.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=180)
 
 class DatelessGroupMilestoneFactory(BaseGroupMilestoneFactory):
     group = factory.SubFactory(GroupFactory, uses_milestone_dates=False)
diff --git a/ietf/group/management/commands/generate_group_aliases.py b/ietf/group/management/commands/generate_group_aliases.py
index 9efbb68ab..2610ba5ad 100755
--- a/ietf/group/management/commands/generate_group_aliases.py
+++ b/ietf/group/management/commands/generate_group_aliases.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from tempfile import mkstemp
     
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
             'have seen activity in the last %s years.' % (DEFAULT_YEARS))
 
     def handle(self, *args, **options):
-        show_since = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(DEFAULT_YEARS*365)
+        show_since = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(DEFAULT_YEARS*365)
 
         date = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S")
         signature = '# Generated by %s at %s\n' % (os.path.abspath(__file__), date)
diff --git a/ietf/group/migrations/0059_use_timezone_now_for_group_models.py b/ietf/group/migrations/0059_use_timezone_now_for_group_models.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24c083855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ietf/group/migrations/0059_use_timezone_now_for_group_models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Generated by Django 2.2.28 on 2022-07-12 11:24
+
+from django.db import migrations, models
+import django.utils.timezone
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ('group', '0058_alter_has_default_chat'),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='group',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now),
+        ),
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='groupevent',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now, help_text='When the event happened'),
+        ),
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='grouphistory',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now),
+        ),
+    ]
diff --git a/ietf/group/models.py b/ietf/group/models.py
index 899c88241..8183f35a0 100644
--- a/ietf/group/models.py
+++ b/ietf/group/models.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 
-import datetime
 import email.utils
 import jsonfield
 import os
@@ -13,6 +12,7 @@ from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
 from django.db import models
 from django.db.models.deletion import CASCADE, PROTECT
 from django.dispatch import receiver
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ from ietf.utils.validators import JSONForeignKeyListValidator
 
 
 class GroupInfo(models.Model):
-    time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
+    time = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
     name = models.CharField(max_length=80)
     state = ForeignKey(GroupStateName, null=True)
     type = ForeignKey(GroupTypeName, null=True)
@@ -180,11 +180,15 @@ class Group(GroupInfo):
         return self.role_set.none()
 
     def status_for_meeting(self,meeting):
-        end_date = meeting.end_date()+datetime.timedelta(days=1)
         previous_meeting = meeting.previous_meeting()
-        status_events = self.groupevent_set.filter(type='status_update',time__lte=end_date).order_by('-time')
+        status_events = self.groupevent_set.filter(
+            type='status_update',
+            time__lt=meeting.end_datetime(),
+        ).order_by('-time')
         if previous_meeting:
-            status_events = status_events.filter(time__gte=previous_meeting.end_date()+datetime.timedelta(days=1))
+            status_events = status_events.filter(
+                time__gte=previous_meeting.end_datetime()
+            )
         return status_events.first()
 
     def get_description(self):
@@ -353,7 +357,7 @@ GROUP_EVENT_CHOICES = [
 class GroupEvent(models.Model):
     """An occurrence for a group, used for tracking who, when and what."""
     group = ForeignKey(Group)
-    time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now, help_text="When the event happened")
+    time = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now, help_text="When the event happened")
     type = models.CharField(max_length=50, choices=GROUP_EVENT_CHOICES)
     by = ForeignKey(Person)
     desc = models.TextField()
diff --git a/ietf/group/tests.py b/ietf/group/tests.py
index b168e4d3b..2c63ff95d 100644
--- a/ietf/group/tests.py
+++ b/ietf/group/tests.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
 from django.db.models import Q
 from django.test import Client
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                             # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -115,8 +116,8 @@ class GenerateGroupAliasesTests(TestCase):
         super().tearDown()
 
     def testManagementCommand(self):
-        a_month_ago = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(30)
-        a_decade_ago = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(3650)
+        a_month_ago = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(30)
+        a_decade_ago = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(3650)
         role1 = RoleFactory(name_id='ad', group__type_id='area', group__acronym='myth', group__state_id='active')
         area = role1.group
         ad = role1.person
diff --git a/ietf/group/tests_info.py b/ietf/group/tests_info.py
index 0b3ead2c7..932b0594e 100644
--- a/ietf/group/tests_info.py
+++ b/ietf/group/tests_info.py
@@ -1900,7 +1900,7 @@ class StatusUpdateTests(TestCase):
     def test_view_status_update_for_meeting(self):
         chair = RoleFactory(name_id='chair',group__type_id='wg')
         GroupEventFactory(type='status_update',group=chair.group)
-        sess = SessionFactory.create(meeting__type_id='ietf',group=chair.group,meeting__date=datetime.datetime.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=1))
+        sess = SessionFactory.create(meeting__type_id='ietf',group=chair.group,meeting__date=timezone.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=1))
         url = urlreverse('ietf.group.views.group_about_status_meeting',kwargs={'acronym':chair.group.acronym,'num':sess.meeting.number}) 
         response = self.client.get(url)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
diff --git a/ietf/group/tests_review.py b/ietf/group/tests_review.py
index ee4ae96fe..4930c740c 100644
--- a/ietf/group/tests_review.py
+++ b/ietf/group/tests_review.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import debug      # pyflakes:ignore
 from pyquery import PyQuery
 
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 from ietf.review.policies import get_reviewer_queue_policy
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import login_testing_unauthorized, TestCase, reload_db_objects
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ from ietf.person.factories import PersonFactory, EmailFactory
 from ietf.doc.factories import DocumentFactory
 from ietf.group.factories import RoleFactory, ReviewTeamFactory, GroupFactory
 from ietf.review.factories import ReviewRequestFactory, ReviewerSettingsFactory, ReviewAssignmentFactory
+from ietf.utils.timezone import date_today, datetime_today, DEADLINE_TZINFO
 from django.utils.html import escape
 
 class ReviewTests(TestCase):
@@ -131,7 +133,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         doc.states.add(State.objects.get(type="draft-iesg", slug="lc", used=True))
         LastCallDocEvent.objects.create(
             doc=doc,
-            expires=datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=365),
+            expires=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=365),
             by=Person.objects.get(name="(System)"),
             rev=doc.rev
         )
@@ -155,7 +157,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
             review_request__doc=review_req1.doc,
             review_request__team=review_req1.team,
             review_request__type_id="early",
-            review_request__deadline=datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=30),
+            review_request__deadline=date_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) + datetime.timedelta(days=30),
             review_request__state_id="assigned",
             review_request__requested_by=Person.objects.get(user__username="reviewer"),
             state_id = "accepted",
@@ -165,7 +167,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         UnavailablePeriod.objects.create(
             team=review_req1.team,
             person=reviewer,
-            start_date=datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=10),
+            start_date=date_today() - datetime.timedelta(days=10),
             availability="unavailable",
         )
 
@@ -210,7 +212,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
             review_request__doc=review_req2.doc,
             review_request__team=review_req2.team,
             review_request__type_id="lc",
-            review_request__deadline=datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=30),
+            review_request__deadline=date_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) - datetime.timedelta(days=30),
             review_request__state_id="assigned",
             review_request__requested_by=Person.objects.get(user__username="reviewer"),
             state_id = "no-response",
@@ -231,15 +233,15 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         review_req3 = ReviewRequestFactory(state_id='completed', team=team)
         ReviewAssignmentFactory(
             review_request__doc=review_req3.doc,
-            review_request__time=datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=30),
+            review_request__time=datetime_today() - datetime.timedelta(days=30),
             review_request__team=review_req3.team,
             review_request__type_id="telechat",
-            review_request__deadline=datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=25),
+            review_request__deadline=date_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) - datetime.timedelta(days=25),
             review_request__state_id="completed",
             review_request__requested_by=Person.objects.get(user__username="reviewer"),
             state_id = "completed",
             reviewer=reviewer.email_set.first(),
-            assigned_on=datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=30)
+            assigned_on=datetime_today() - datetime.timedelta(days=30)
         )
         r = self.client.get(url)
         self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)
@@ -252,15 +254,15 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         for i in range(10):
             ReviewAssignmentFactory(
                 review_request__doc=reqs[i].doc,
-                review_request__time=datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=i*30),
+                review_request__time=datetime_today() - datetime.timedelta(days=i*30),
                 review_request__team=reqs[i].team,
                 review_request__type_id="telechat",
-                review_request__deadline=datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=i*20),
+                review_request__deadline=date_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) - datetime.timedelta(days=i*20),
                 review_request__state_id="completed",
                 review_request__requested_by=Person.objects.get(user__username="reviewer"),
                 state_id = "completed",
                 reviewer=reviewer.email_set.first(),
-                assigned_on=datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=i*30)
+                assigned_on=datetime_today() - datetime.timedelta(days=i*30)
             )
         r = self.client.get(url)
         self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)
@@ -304,28 +306,28 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         review_req4 = ReviewRequestFactory(state_id='completed', team=team)
         ReviewAssignmentFactory(
             review_request__doc=review_req4.doc,
-            review_request__time=datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=80),
+            review_request__time=datetime_today() - datetime.timedelta(days=80),
             review_request__team=review_req4.team,
             review_request__type_id="lc",
-            review_request__deadline=datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=60),
+            review_request__deadline=date_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) - datetime.timedelta(days=60),
             review_request__state_id="assigned",
             review_request__requested_by=Person.objects.get(user__username="reviewer"),
             state_id = "accepted",
             reviewer=reviewer.email_set.first(),
-            assigned_on=datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=80)
+            assigned_on=datetime_today() - datetime.timedelta(days=80)
         )
         review_req5 = ReviewRequestFactory(state_id='completed', team=team)
         ReviewAssignmentFactory(
             review_request__doc=review_req5.doc,
-            review_request__time=datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=120),
+            review_request__time=datetime_today() - datetime.timedelta(days=120),
             review_request__team=review_req5.team,
             review_request__type_id="lc",
-            review_request__deadline=datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=100),
+            review_request__deadline=date_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) - datetime.timedelta(days=100),
             review_request__state_id="assigned",
             review_request__requested_by=Person.objects.get(user__username="reviewer"),
             state_id = "accepted",
             reviewer=reviewer.email_set.first(),
-            assigned_on=datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=120)
+            assigned_on=datetime_today() - datetime.timedelta(days=120)
         )
         r = self.client.get(url)
         self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)
@@ -429,7 +431,7 @@ class ReviewTests(TestCase):
         doc.states.add(State.objects.get(type="draft-iesg", slug="lc", used=True))
         LastCallDocEvent.objects.create(
             doc=doc,
-            expires=datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=365),
+            expires=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=365),
             by=Person.objects.get(name="(System)"),
             rev=doc.rev
         )
diff --git a/ietf/group/views.py b/ietf/group/views.py
index 3a4b9f3e0..d003c44a9 100644
--- a/ietf/group/views.py
+++ b/ietf/group/views.py
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect, Http404, JsonRespons
 from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, get_object_or_404
 from django.template.loader import render_to_string
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.html import escape
 from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page, cache_control
 
@@ -118,6 +119,7 @@ from ietf.settings import MAILING_LIST_INFO_URL
 from ietf.utils.response import permission_denied
 from ietf.utils.text import strip_suffix
 from ietf.utils import markdown
+from ietf.utils.timezone import datetime_today, DEADLINE_TZINFO
 
 
 # --- Helpers ----------------------------------------------------------
@@ -566,7 +568,7 @@ def all_status(request):
         if e:
             wg_reports.append(e)
 
-    wg_reports.sort(key=lambda x: (x.group.parent.acronym,datetime.datetime.now()-x.time))
+    wg_reports.sort(key=lambda x: (x.group.parent.acronym,timezone.now()-x.time))
 
     rg_reports = []
     for rg in rgs:
@@ -808,7 +810,7 @@ def email_aliases(request, acronym=None, group_type=None):
 def meetings(request, acronym=None, group_type=None):
     group = get_group_or_404(acronym,group_type) if acronym else None
 
-    four_years_ago = datetime.datetime.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=4*365)
+    four_years_ago = timezone.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=4*365)
 
     sessions = add_event_info_to_session_qs(
         group.session_set.filter(
@@ -972,7 +974,7 @@ def edit(request, group_type=None, acronym=None, action="edit", field=None):
                 try:
                     group = Group.objects.get(acronym=clean["acronym"])
                     save_group_in_history(group)
-                    group.time = datetime.datetime.now()
+                    group.time = timezone.now()
                     group.save()
                 except Group.DoesNotExist:
                     group = Group.objects.create(name=clean["name"],
@@ -1071,7 +1073,7 @@ def edit(request, group_type=None, acronym=None, action="edit", field=None):
                         )
                     ))
 
-            group.time = datetime.datetime.now()
+            group.time = timezone.now()
 
             if changes and not new_group:
                 for attr, new, desc in changes:
@@ -1420,11 +1422,14 @@ def review_requests(request, acronym, group_type=None):
         }[since]
 
         closed_review_requests = closed_review_requests.filter(
-              Q(reviewrequestdocevent__type='closed_review_request', reviewrequestdocevent__time__gte=datetime.date.today() - date_limit)
-            | Q(reviewrequestdocevent__isnull=True, time__gte=datetime.date.today() - date_limit)
+              Q(reviewrequestdocevent__type='closed_review_request',
+                reviewrequestdocevent__time__gte=datetime_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) - date_limit)
+            | Q(reviewrequestdocevent__isnull=True, time__gte=datetime_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) - date_limit)
         ).distinct()
 
-        closed_review_assignments = closed_review_assignments.filter(completed_on__gte = datetime.date.today() - date_limit)
+        closed_review_assignments = closed_review_assignments.filter(
+            completed_on__gte = datetime_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) - date_limit,
+        )
 
     return render(request, 'group/review_requests.html',
                   construct_group_menu_context(request, group, "review requests", group_type, {
@@ -1509,7 +1514,7 @@ def reviewer_overview(request, acronym, group_type=None):
                                     int(math.ceil(d.assignment_to_closure_days)) if d.assignment_to_closure_days is not None else None))
             if d.state in ["completed", "completed_in_time", "completed_late"]:
                 if d.assigned_time is not None:
-                    delta = datetime.datetime.now() - d.assigned_time
+                    delta = timezone.now() - d.assigned_time
                     if d.assignment_to_closure_days is not None:
                         days = int(delta.days - d.assignment_to_closure_days)
                         if days_since > days: days_since = days
diff --git a/ietf/idindex/index.py b/ietf/idindex/index.py
index 3d17b197c..782e8912e 100644
--- a/ietf/idindex/index.py
+++ b/ietf/idindex/index.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import pytz
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.template.loader import render_to_string
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug    # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -296,6 +297,6 @@ def id_index_txt(with_abstracts=False):
 
     return render_to_string("idindex/id_index.txt", {
             'groups': groups,
-            'time': datetime.datetime.now(pytz.UTC).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z"),
+            'time': timezone.now().astimezone(pytz.utc).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z"),
             'with_abstracts': with_abstracts,
             })
diff --git a/ietf/idindex/tests.py b/ietf/idindex/tests.py
index 413e3a4ed..f207fa562 100644
--- a/ietf/idindex/tests.py
+++ b/ietf/idindex/tests.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from django.conf import settings
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug    # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ class IndexTests(TestCase):
         draft.set_state(State.objects.get(type="draft", slug="active"))
         draft.set_state(State.objects.get(type="draft-iesg", slug="lc"))
 
-        e = LastCallDocEvent.objects.create(doc=draft, rev=draft.rev, type="sent_last_call", expires=datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=14), by=draft.ad)
+        e = LastCallDocEvent.objects.create(doc=draft, rev=draft.rev, type="sent_last_call", expires=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=14), by=draft.ad)
 
         t = get_fields(all_id2_txt())
         self.assertEqual(t[11], e.expires.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
diff --git a/ietf/iesg/views.py b/ietf/iesg/views.py
index 5d1457cee..5334e8a85 100644
--- a/ietf/iesg/views.py
+++ b/ietf/iesg/views.py
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ from ietf.iesg.utils import telechat_page_count
 from ietf.ietfauth.utils import has_role, role_required, user_is_person
 from ietf.person.models import Person
 from ietf.doc.utils_search import fill_in_document_table_attributes, fill_in_telechat_date
+from ietf.utils.timezone import date_today, datetime_from_date
 
 def review_decisions(request, year=None):
     events = DocEvent.objects.filter(type__in=("iesg_disapproved", "iesg_approved"))
@@ -73,9 +74,9 @@ def review_decisions(request, year=None):
         year = int(year)
         events = events.filter(time__year=year)
     else:
-        d = datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=185)
+        d = date_today() - datetime.timedelta(days=185)
         d = datetime.date(d.year, d.month, 1)
-        events = events.filter(time__gte=d)
+        events = events.filter(time__gte=datetime_from_date(d))
 
     events = events.select_related("doc", "doc__intended_std_level").order_by("-time", "-id")
 
diff --git a/ietf/ietfauth/management/commands/send_apikey_usage_emails.py b/ietf/ietfauth/management/commands/send_apikey_usage_emails.py
index 4aa4e5524..d3fce1bcc 100644
--- a/ietf/ietfauth/management/commands/send_apikey_usage_emails.py
+++ b/ietf/ietfauth/management/commands/send_apikey_usage_emails.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from textwrap import dedent
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
 
         keys = PersonalApiKey.objects.filter(valid=True)
         for key in keys:
-            earliest = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=days)
+            earliest = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=days)
             events = PersonApiKeyEvent.objects.filter(key=key, time__gt=earliest)
             count = events.count()
             events = events[:32]
diff --git a/ietf/ietfauth/tests.py b/ietf/ietfauth/tests.py
index 254c6524a..f0e01f37b 100644
--- a/ietf/ietfauth/tests.py
+++ b/ietf/ietfauth/tests.py
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.template.loader import render_to_string 
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -750,11 +751,11 @@ class IetfAuthTests(TestCase):
             self.assertContains(r, 'Invalid apikey', status_code=403)
 
             # too long since regular login
-            person.user.last_login = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=settings.UTILS_APIKEY_GUI_LOGIN_LIMIT_DAYS+1)
+            person.user.last_login = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=settings.UTILS_APIKEY_GUI_LOGIN_LIMIT_DAYS+1)
             person.user.save()
             r = self.client.post(key.endpoint, {'apikey':key.hash(), 'dummy':'dummy',})
             self.assertContains(r, 'Too long since last regular login', status_code=400)
-            person.user.last_login = datetime.datetime.now()
+            person.user.last_login = timezone.now()
             person.user.save()
 
             # endpoint mismatch
@@ -783,7 +784,7 @@ class IetfAuthTests(TestCase):
         # apikey usage will be registered)
         count = 2
         # avoid usage across dates
-        if datetime.datetime.now().time() > datetime.time(hour=23, minute=59, second=58):
+        if timezone.now().time() > datetime.time(hour=23, minute=59, second=58):
             time.sleep(2)
         for i in range(count):
             for key in person.apikeys.all():
diff --git a/ietf/ietfauth/views.py b/ietf/ietfauth/views.py
index 8cf21f52c..20dcb1b71 100644
--- a/ietf/ietfauth/views.py
+++ b/ietf/ietfauth/views.py
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
 
+import datetime
 import importlib
 
-from datetime import date as Date, datetime as DateTime
 # needed if we revert to higher barrier for account creation
 #from datetime import datetime as DateTime, timedelta as TimeDelta, date as Date
 from collections import defaultdict
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ from ietf.doc.fields import SearchableDocumentField
 from ietf.utils.decorators import person_required
 from ietf.utils.mail import send_mail
 from ietf.utils.validators import validate_external_resource_value
+from ietf.utils.timezone import date_today, DEADLINE_TZINFO
 
 # These are needed if we revert to the higher bar for account creation
 
@@ -224,7 +225,7 @@ def profile(request):
     emails = Email.objects.filter(person=person).exclude(address__startswith='unknown-email-').order_by('-active','-time')
     new_email_forms = []
 
-    nc = NomCom.objects.filter(group__acronym__icontains=Date.today().year).first()
+    nc = NomCom.objects.filter(group__acronym__icontains=date_today().year).first()
     if nc and nc.volunteer_set.filter(person=person).exists():
         volunteer_status = 'volunteered'
     elif nc and nc.is_accepting_volunteers:
@@ -456,7 +457,7 @@ def confirm_password_reset(request, auth):
         password = data['password']
         last_login = None
         if data['last_login']:
-            last_login = DateTime.fromtimestamp(data['last_login'])
+            last_login = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(data['last_login'], datetime.timezone.utc)
     except django.core.signing.BadSignature:
         raise Http404("Invalid or expired auth")
 
@@ -558,7 +559,7 @@ def review_overview(request):
         reviewer__person__user=request.user,
         state__in=["assigned", "accepted"],
     )
-    today = Date.today()
+    today = date_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO)
     for r in open_review_assignments:
         r.due = max(0, (today - r.review_request.deadline).days)
 
diff --git a/ietf/ipr/factories.py b/ietf/ipr/factories.py
index da1262912..e32090a36 100644
--- a/ietf/ipr/factories.py
+++ b/ietf/ipr/factories.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import datetime
 import factory
 
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 from ietf.ipr.models import (
     IprDisclosureBase, HolderIprDisclosure, ThirdPartyIprDisclosure, NonDocSpecificIprDisclosure,
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ from ietf.ipr.models import (
 
 def _fake_patent_info():
     return "Date: %s\nNotes: %s\nTitle: %s\nNumber: %s\nInventor: %s\n" % (
-        (datetime.datetime.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=365)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d"),
+        (timezone.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=365)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d"),
         factory.Faker('paragraph'),
         factory.Faker('sentence', nb_words=8),
         'US9999999',
diff --git a/ietf/ipr/mail.py b/ietf/ipr/mail.py
index ea3551d56..f1d8039db 100644
--- a/ietf/ipr/mail.py
+++ b/ietf/ipr/mail.py
@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
 
 
 import base64
-import email
 import datetime
 from dateutil.tz import tzoffset
 import os
-import pytz
 import re
 
+from email import message_from_bytes
+from email.utils import parsedate_tz
+
 from django.template.loader import render_to_string
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text, force_bytes
 
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ def parsedate_to_datetime(date):
     http://python.readthedocs.org/en/latest/library/email.util.html
     """
     try:
-        tuple = email.utils.parsedate_tz(date)
+        tuple = parsedate_tz(date)
         if not tuple:
             return None
         tz = tuple[-1]
@@ -62,10 +63,12 @@ def parsedate_to_datetime(date):
 
 def utc_from_string(s):
     date = parsedate_to_datetime(s)
-    if is_aware(date):
-        return date.astimezone(pytz.utc).replace(tzinfo=None)
+    if date is None:
+        return None
+    elif is_aware(date):
+        return date.astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc)
     else:
-        return date
+        return date.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------
 # Email Functions
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ def process_response_email(msg):
     a matching value in the reply_to field, associated to an IPR disclosure through
     IprEvent.  Create a Message object for the incoming message and associate it to
     the original message via new IprEvent"""
-    message = email.message_from_bytes(force_bytes(msg))
+    message = message_from_bytes(force_bytes(msg))
     to = message.get('To', '')
 
     # exit if this isn't a response we're interested in (with plus addressing)
diff --git a/ietf/ipr/models.py b/ietf/ipr/models.py
index 282f33568..2eb588b8b 100644
--- a/ietf/ipr/models.py
+++ b/ietf/ipr/models.py
@@ -2,11 +2,10 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 
-import datetime
-
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.db import models
 from django.urls import reverse
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 from ietf.doc.models import DocAlias, DocEvent
 from ietf.name.models import DocRelationshipName,IprDisclosureStateName,IprLicenseTypeName,IprEventTypeName
@@ -220,7 +219,7 @@ class IprEvent(models.Model):
         """Returns true if it's beyond the response_due date and no response has been
         received"""
         qs = IprEvent.objects.filter(disclosure=self.disclosure,in_reply_to=self.message)
-        if not qs and datetime.datetime.now().date() > self.response_due.date():
+        if not qs and timezone.now().date() > self.response_due.date():
             return True
         else:
             return False
diff --git a/ietf/ipr/tests.py b/ietf/ipr/tests.py
index db9c1371e..de52c773a 100644
--- a/ietf/ipr/tests.py
+++ b/ietf/ipr/tests.py
@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@ import datetime
 from pyquery import PyQuery
 from urllib.parse import quote, urlparse
 
-from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
 from django.conf import settings
+from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -640,7 +641,7 @@ I would like to revoke this declaration.
                 message_string.format(
                     to=addrs.to,
                     cc=addrs.cc,
-                    date=datetime.datetime.now().ctime()
+                    date=timezone.now().ctime()
                 )
             )
             self.assertIsNone(result)
@@ -650,7 +651,7 @@ I would like to revoke this declaration.
 From: joe@test.com
 Date: {}
 Subject: test
-""".format(reply_to, datetime.datetime.now().ctime())
+""".format(reply_to, timezone.now().ctime())
         result = process_response_email(message_string)
 
         self.assertIsInstance(result, Message)
@@ -664,7 +665,7 @@ Subject: test
 From: joe@test.com
 Date: {}
 Subject: test
-""".format(reply_to, datetime.datetime.now().ctime())
+""".format(reply_to, timezone.now().ctime())
         message_bytes = message_string.encode('utf8') + b'\nInvalid stuff: \xfe\xff\n'
         result = process_response_email(message_bytes)
         self.assertIsInstance(result, Message)
@@ -680,7 +681,7 @@ Subject: test
             message_bytes = message_string.format(
                                 to=addrs.to,
                                 cc=addrs.cc,
-                                date=datetime.datetime.now().ctime(),
+                                date=timezone.now().ctime(),
             ).encode('utf8') + b'\nInvalid stuff: \xfe\xff\n'
             result = process_response_email(message_bytes)
             self.assertIsNone(result)
diff --git a/ietf/ipr/views.py b/ietf/ipr/views.py
index bc6099b3f..f07d70ba9 100644
--- a/ietf/ipr/views.py
+++ b/ietf/ipr/views.py
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ from ietf.utils.draft_search import normalize_draftname
 from ietf.utils.mail import send_mail, send_mail_message
 from ietf.utils.response import permission_denied
 from ietf.utils.text import text_to_dict
+from ietf.utils.timezone import datetime_from_date, datetime_today, DEADLINE_TZINFO
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------
 # Globals
@@ -147,15 +148,14 @@ def ipr_rfc_number(disclosureDate, thirdPartyDisclosureFlag):
     # made on 1993-07-23, which is more than a year after RFC 1310.
 
     # RFC publication date comes from the RFC Editor announcement
-    # TODO: These times are tzinfo=pytz.utc, but disclosure times are offset-naive
     ipr_rfc_pub_datetime = {
-        1310 : datetime.datetime(1992,  3, 13,  0,  0),
-        1802 : datetime.datetime(1994,  3, 23,  0,  0),
-        2026 : datetime.datetime(1996, 10, 29,  0,  0),
-        3668 : datetime.datetime(2004,  2, 18,  0,  0),
-        3979 : datetime.datetime(2005,  3,  2,  2, 23),
-        4879 : datetime.datetime(2007,  4, 10, 18, 21),
-        8179 : datetime.datetime(2017,  5, 31, 23,  1),
+        1310 : datetime.datetime(1992,  3, 13,  0,  0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc),
+        1802 : datetime.datetime(1994,  3, 23,  0,  0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc),
+        2026 : datetime.datetime(1996, 10, 29,  0,  0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc),
+        3668 : datetime.datetime(2004,  2, 18,  0,  0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc),
+        3979 : datetime.datetime(2005,  3,  2,  2, 23, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc),
+        4879 : datetime.datetime(2007,  4, 10, 18, 21, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc),
+        8179 : datetime.datetime(2017,  5, 31, 23,  1, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc),
     }
 
     if disclosureDate < ipr_rfc_pub_datetime[1310]:
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ def email(request, id):
                 type_id = 'msgout',
                 by = request.user.person,
                 disclosure = ipr,
-                response_due = form.cleaned_data['response_due'],
+                response_due = datetime_from_date(form.cleaned_data['response_due'], DEADLINE_TZINFO),
                 message = msg,
             )
 
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ def notify(request, id, type):
                     type_id = form.cleaned_data['type'],
                     by = request.user.person,
                     disclosure = ipr,
-                    response_due = datetime.datetime.now().date() + datetime.timedelta(days=30),
+                    response_due = datetime_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) + datetime.timedelta(days=30),
                     message = message,
                 )
             messages.success(request,'Notifications sent')
diff --git a/ietf/liaisons/forms.py b/ietf/liaisons/forms.py
index c66c27593..3f46b4320 100644
--- a/ietf/liaisons/forms.py
+++ b/ietf/liaisons/forms.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 
 import io
-import datetime, os
+import os
 import operator
 
 from typing import Union            # pyflakes:ignore
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from ietf.person.models import Email
 from ietf.person.fields import SearchableEmailField
 from ietf.doc.models import Document, DocAlias
 from ietf.utils.fields import DatepickerDateField
+from ietf.utils.timezone import date_today, datetime_from_date, DEADLINE_TZINFO
 from functools import reduce
 
 '''
@@ -185,9 +186,12 @@ class SearchLiaisonForm(forms.Form):
             end_date = self.cleaned_data.get('end_date')
             events = None
             if start_date:
-                events = LiaisonStatementEvent.objects.filter(type='posted', time__gte=start_date)
+                events = LiaisonStatementEvent.objects.filter(
+                    type='posted',
+                    time__gte=datetime_from_date(start_date, DEADLINE_TZINFO),
+                )
                 if end_date:
-                    events = events.filter(time__lte=end_date)
+                    events = events.filter(time__lte=datetime_from_date(end_date, DEADLINE_TZINFO))
             elif end_date:
                 events = LiaisonStatementEvent.objects.filter(type='posted', time__lte=end_date)
             if events:
@@ -222,7 +226,7 @@ class LiaisonModelForm(BetterModelForm):
     to_groups.widget.attrs['data-minimum-input-length'] = 0
     deadline = DatepickerDateField(date_format="yyyy-mm-dd", picker_settings={"autoclose": "1" }, label='Deadline', required=True)
     related_to = SearchableLiaisonStatementsField(label='Related Liaison Statement', required=False)
-    submitted_date = DatepickerDateField(date_format="yyyy-mm-dd", picker_settings={"autoclose": "1" }, label='Submission date', required=True, initial=datetime.date.today())
+    submitted_date = DatepickerDateField(date_format="yyyy-mm-dd", picker_settings={"autoclose": "1" }, label='Submission date', required=True, initial=date_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO))
     attachments = CustomModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Document.objects,label='Attachments', widget=ShowAttachmentsWidget, required=False)
     attach_title = forms.CharField(label='Title', required=False)
     attach_file = forms.FileField(label='File', required=False)
@@ -538,7 +542,7 @@ class EditLiaisonForm(LiaisonModelForm):
         super(EditLiaisonForm, self).save(*args,**kwargs)
         if self.has_changed() and 'submitted_date' in self.changed_data:
             event = self.instance.liaisonstatementevent_set.filter(type='submitted').first()
-            event.time = self.cleaned_data.get('submitted_date')
+            event.time = datetime_from_date(self.cleaned_data.get('submitted_date'), DEADLINE_TZINFO)
             event.save()
 
         return self.instance
diff --git a/ietf/liaisons/tests.py b/ietf/liaisons/tests.py
index b08832ae5..f65b18c67 100644
--- a/ietf/liaisons/tests.py
+++ b/ietf/liaisons/tests.py
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
 from django.db.models import Q
+from django.utils import timezone
+
 from io import StringIO
 from pyquery import PyQuery
 
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ def get_liaison_post_data(type='incoming'):
                 to_contacts='to_contacts@example.com',
                 purpose="info",
                 title="title",
-                submitted_date=datetime.datetime.today().strftime("%Y-%m-%d"),
+                submitted_date=timezone.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d"),
                 body="body",
                 send="1" )
 
@@ -385,7 +387,7 @@ class LiaisonManagementTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_edit_liaison(self):
         liaison = LiaisonStatementFactory(deadline=datetime.date.today()+datetime.timedelta(days=1))
-        LiaisonStatementEventFactory(statement=liaison,type_id='submitted', time=datetime.datetime.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=1))
+        LiaisonStatementEventFactory(statement=liaison,type_id='submitted', time=timezone.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=1))
         LiaisonStatementEventFactory(statement=liaison,type_id='posted')
         from_group = liaison.from_groups.first()
         to_group = liaison.to_groups.first()
@@ -1021,7 +1023,7 @@ class LiaisonManagementTests(TestCase):
         LiaisonStatementEventFactory(type_id='posted', statement__body="Has recently in its body",statement__from_groups=[GroupFactory(type_id='sdo',acronym='ulm'),])
         # Statement 2
         s2 = LiaisonStatementEventFactory(type_id='posted', statement__body="That word does not occur here", statement__title="Nor does it occur here")
-        s2.time=datetime.datetime(2010,1,1)
+        s2.time=datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 1, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
         s2.save()
 
         # test list only, no search filters
diff --git a/ietf/meeting/factories.py b/ietf/meeting/factories.py
index e59b559f4..cf3c87e7c 100644
--- a/ietf/meeting/factories.py
+++ b/ietf/meeting/factories.py
@@ -187,7 +187,9 @@ class TimeSlotFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory):
     
     @factory.lazy_attribute
     def time(self):
-        return datetime.datetime.combine(self.meeting.date,datetime.time(11,0))
+        return self.meeting.tz().localize(
+            datetime.datetime.combine(self.meeting.date, datetime.time(11, 0))
+        )
 
     @factory.lazy_attribute
     def duration(self):
diff --git a/ietf/meeting/fixtures/proceedings_templates.json b/ietf/meeting/fixtures/proceedings_templates.json
index 1594debff..97d38f566 100644
--- a/ietf/meeting/fixtures/proceedings_templates.json
+++ b/ietf/meeting/fixtures/proceedings_templates.json
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
       "comments": "",
       "list_subscribe": "",
       "state": "active",
-      "time": "2012-02-26T00:21:36",
+      "time": "2012-02-26T00:21:36Z",
       "unused_tags": [],
       "list_archive": "",
       "type": "ietf",
diff --git a/ietf/meeting/helpers.py b/ietf/meeting/helpers.py
index 4fd4579c9..99be2dd89 100644
--- a/ietf/meeting/helpers.py
+++ b/ietf/meeting/helpers.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from django.contrib.auth.models import AnonymousUser
 from django.urls import reverse
 from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
 from django.template.loader import render_to_string
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ def get_meeting(num=None,type_in=['ietf',],days=28):
     if type_in:
         meetings = meetings.filter(type__in=type_in)
     if num == None:
-        meetings = meetings.filter(date__gte=datetime.datetime.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=days)).order_by('date')
+        meetings = meetings.filter(date__gte=timezone.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=days)).order_by('date')
     else:
         meetings = meetings.filter(number=num)
     if meetings.exists():
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ def get_meeting(num=None,type_in=['ietf',],days=28):
         raise Http404("No such meeting found: %s" % num)
 
 def get_current_ietf_meeting():
-    meetings = Meeting.objects.filter(type='ietf',date__gte=datetime.datetime.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=31)).order_by('date')
+    meetings = Meeting.objects.filter(type='ietf',date__gte=timezone.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=31)).order_by('date')
     return meetings.first()
 
 def get_current_ietf_meeting_num():
@@ -117,7 +118,10 @@ def preprocess_assignments_for_agenda(assignments_queryset, meeting, extra_prefe
     # assignments = list(assignments_queryset) # make sure we're set in stone
     assignments = assignments_queryset
 
-    meeting_time = datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, datetime.time())
+    # meeting_time is meeting-local midnight at the start of the meeting date
+    meeting_time = meeting.tz().localize(
+        datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, datetime.time())
+    )
 
     # replace groups with historic counterparts
     groups = [ ]
@@ -1148,11 +1152,15 @@ def sessions_post_cancel(request, sessions):
 
 
 def update_interim_session_assignment(form):
-    """Helper function to create / update timeslot assigned to interim session"""
-    time = datetime.datetime.combine(
-        form.cleaned_data['date'],
-        form.cleaned_data['time'])
+    """Helper function to create / update timeslot assigned to interim session
+
+    form is an InterimSessionModelForm
+    """
     session = form.instance
+    meeting = session.meeting
+    time = meeting.tz().localize(
+        datetime.datetime.combine(form.cleaned_data['date'], form.cleaned_data['time'])
+    )
     if session.official_timeslotassignment():
         slot = session.official_timeslotassignment().timeslot
         slot.time = time
@@ -1160,14 +1168,14 @@ def update_interim_session_assignment(form):
         slot.save()
     else:
         slot = TimeSlot.objects.create(
-            meeting=session.meeting,
+            meeting=meeting,
             type_id='regular',
             duration=session.requested_duration,
             time=time)
         SchedTimeSessAssignment.objects.create(
             timeslot=slot,
             session=session,
-            schedule=session.meeting.schedule)
+            schedule=meeting.schedule)
 
 def populate_important_dates(meeting):
     assert ImportantDate.objects.filter(meeting=meeting).exists() is False
diff --git a/ietf/meeting/management/commands/create_dummy_meeting.py b/ietf/meeting/management/commands/create_dummy_meeting.py
index 79b1e5db6..2a4b1dad7 100644
--- a/ietf/meeting/management/commands/create_dummy_meeting.py
+++ b/ietf/meeting/management/commands/create_dummy_meeting.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ import socket
 import datetime
 import pytz
 
-from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
+from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
 from django.db import transaction
 from django.db.models import Q
 
@@ -75,10 +75,12 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
 
     def _meeting_datetime(self, day, *time_args):
         """Generate a datetime on a meeting day"""
-        return datetime.datetime.combine(
-            self.start_date,
-            datetime.time(*time_args)
-        ) + datetime.timedelta(days=day)
+        return self.meeting_tz.localize(
+            datetime.datetime.combine(
+                self.start_date,
+                datetime.time(*time_args)
+            ) + datetime.timedelta(days=day)
+        )
 
     def handle(self, *args, **options):
         if socket.gethostname().split('.')[0] in ['core3', 'ietfa', 'ietfb', 'ietfc', ]:
@@ -87,10 +89,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
         opt_delete = options.get('delete', False)
         opt_use_old_conflicts = options.get('old_conflicts', False)
         self.start_date = options['start_date']
-        meeting_tz = options['tz']
-        if not opt_delete and (meeting_tz not in pytz.common_timezones):
-            self.stderr.write("Warning: {} is not a recognized time zone.".format(meeting_tz))
-
+        meeting_tzname = options['tz']
         if opt_delete:
             if Meeting.objects.filter(number='999').exists():
                 Meeting.objects.filter(number='999').delete()
@@ -98,6 +97,11 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
             else:
                 self.stderr.write("Dummy meeting IETF 999 does not exist; nothing to do.\n")
         else:
+            try:
+                self.meeting_tz = pytz.timezone(meeting_tzname)
+            except pytz.UnknownTimeZoneError:
+                raise CommandError("{} is not a recognized time zone.".format(meeting_tzname))
+
             if Meeting.objects.filter(number='999').exists():
                 self.stderr.write("Dummy meeting IETF 999 already exists; nothing to do.\n")
             else:
@@ -111,7 +115,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
                     type_id='IETF',
                     date=self._meeting_datetime(0).date(),
                     days=7,
-                    time_zone=meeting_tz,
+                    time_zone=meeting_tzname,
                 )
 
                 # Set enabled constraints
diff --git a/ietf/meeting/migrations/0056_use_timezone_now_for_meeting_models.py b/ietf/meeting/migrations/0056_use_timezone_now_for_meeting_models.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83d20fd57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ietf/meeting/migrations/0056_use_timezone_now_for_meeting_models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Generated by Django 2.2.28 on 2022-07-12 11:24
+
+from django.db import migrations, models
+import django.utils.timezone
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ('meeting', '0055_pytz_2022_2_1'),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='schedulingevent',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now, help_text='When the event happened'),
+        ),
+    ]
diff --git a/ietf/meeting/migrations/0057_fill_in_empty_meeting_time_zone.py b/ietf/meeting/migrations/0057_fill_in_empty_meeting_time_zone.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f009b08f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ietf/meeting/migrations/0057_fill_in_empty_meeting_time_zone.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# Generated by Django 2.2.28 on 2022-08-08 11:37
+
+import datetime
+
+from django.db import migrations
+
+
+# date of last meeting with an empty time_zone before this migration
+LAST_EMPTY_TZ = datetime.date(2022, 7, 1)
+
+
+def forward(apps, schema_editor):
+    Meeting = apps.get_model('meeting', 'Meeting')
+
+    # Check that we will be able to identify the migrated meetings later
+    old_meetings_in_pst8pdt = Meeting.objects.filter(type_id='interim', time_zone='PST8PDT', date__lte=LAST_EMPTY_TZ)
+    assert old_meetings_in_pst8pdt.count() == 0, 'not expecting interim meetings in PST8PDT time_zone'
+
+    meetings_with_empty_tz = Meeting.objects.filter(time_zone='')
+    # check our expected conditions
+    for mtg in meetings_with_empty_tz:
+        assert mtg.type_id == 'interim', 'was not expecting non-interim meetings to be affected'
+        assert mtg.date <= LAST_EMPTY_TZ, 'affected meeting outside expected date range'
+        mtg.time_zone = 'PST8PDT'
+
+    # commit the changes
+    Meeting.objects.bulk_update(meetings_with_empty_tz, ['time_zone'])
+
+
+def reverse(apps, schema_editor):
+    Meeting = apps.get_model('meeting', 'Meeting')
+    meetings_to_restore = Meeting.objects.filter(time_zone='PST8PDT', date__lte=LAST_EMPTY_TZ)
+    for mtg in meetings_to_restore:
+        mtg.time_zone = ''
+    # commit the changes
+    Meeting.objects.bulk_update(meetings_to_restore, ['time_zone'])
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ('meeting', '0056_use_timezone_now_for_meeting_models'),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.RunPython(forward, reverse),
+    ]
diff --git a/ietf/meeting/migrations/0058_meeting_time_zone_not_blank.py b/ietf/meeting/migrations/0058_meeting_time_zone_not_blank.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0adec77a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ietf/meeting/migrations/0058_meeting_time_zone_not_blank.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Generated by Django 2.2.28 on 2022-08-25 12:09
+
+from django.db import migrations, models
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ('meeting', '0057_fill_in_empty_meeting_time_zone'),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='meeting',
+            name='time_zone',
+            field=models.CharField(choices=[('', '---------'), ('Africa/Abidjan', 'Africa/Abidjan'), ('Africa/Accra', 'Africa/Accra'), ('Africa/Addis_Ababa', 'Africa/Addis_Ababa'), ('Africa/Algiers', 'Africa/Algiers'), ('Africa/Asmara', 'Africa/Asmara'), ('Africa/Bamako', 'Africa/Bamako'), ('Africa/Bangui', 'Africa/Bangui'), ('Africa/Banjul', 'Africa/Banjul'), ('Africa/Bissau', 'Africa/Bissau'), ('Africa/Blantyre', 'Africa/Blantyre'), ('Africa/Brazzaville', 'Africa/Brazzaville'), ('Africa/Bujumbura', 'Africa/Bujumbura'), ('Africa/Cairo', 'Africa/Cairo'), ('Africa/Casablanca', 'Africa/Casablanca'), ('Africa/Ceuta', 'Africa/Ceuta'), ('Africa/Conakry', 'Africa/Conakry'), ('Africa/Dakar', 'Africa/Dakar'), ('Africa/Dar_es_Salaam', 'Africa/Dar_es_Salaam'), ('Africa/Djibouti', 'Africa/Djibouti'), ('Africa/Douala', 'Africa/Douala'), ('Africa/El_Aaiun', 'Africa/El_Aaiun'), ('Africa/Freetown', 'Africa/Freetown'), ('Africa/Gaborone', 'Africa/Gaborone'), ('Africa/Harare', 'Africa/Harare'), ('Africa/Johannesburg', 'Africa/Johannesburg'), ('Africa/Juba', 'Africa/Juba'), ('Africa/Kampala', 'Africa/Kampala'), ('Africa/Khartoum', 'Africa/Khartoum'), ('Africa/Kigali', 'Africa/Kigali'), ('Africa/Kinshasa', 'Africa/Kinshasa'), ('Africa/Lagos', 'Africa/Lagos'), ('Africa/Libreville', 'Africa/Libreville'), ('Africa/Lome', 'Africa/Lome'), ('Africa/Luanda', 'Africa/Luanda'), ('Africa/Lubumbashi', 'Africa/Lubumbashi'), ('Africa/Lusaka', 'Africa/Lusaka'), ('Africa/Malabo', 'Africa/Malabo'), ('Africa/Maputo', 'Africa/Maputo'), ('Africa/Maseru', 'Africa/Maseru'), ('Africa/Mbabane', 'Africa/Mbabane'), ('Africa/Mogadishu', 'Africa/Mogadishu'), ('Africa/Monrovia', 'Africa/Monrovia'), ('Africa/Nairobi', 'Africa/Nairobi'), ('Africa/Ndjamena', 'Africa/Ndjamena'), ('Africa/Niamey', 'Africa/Niamey'), ('Africa/Nouakchott', 'Africa/Nouakchott'), ('Africa/Ouagadougou', 'Africa/Ouagadougou'), ('Africa/Porto-Novo', 'Africa/Porto-Novo'), ('Africa/Sao_Tome', 'Africa/Sao_Tome'), ('Africa/Tripoli', 'Africa/Tripoli'), ('Africa/Tunis', 'Africa/Tunis'), ('Africa/Windhoek', 'Africa/Windhoek'), ('America/Adak', 'America/Adak'), ('America/Anchorage', 'America/Anchorage'), ('America/Anguilla', 'America/Anguilla'), ('America/Antigua', 'America/Antigua'), ('America/Araguaina', 'America/Araguaina'), ('America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires', 'America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires'), ('America/Argentina/Catamarca', 'America/Argentina/Catamarca'), ('America/Argentina/Cordoba', 'America/Argentina/Cordoba'), ('America/Argentina/Jujuy', 'America/Argentina/Jujuy'), ('America/Argentina/La_Rioja', 'America/Argentina/La_Rioja'), ('America/Argentina/Mendoza', 'America/Argentina/Mendoza'), ('America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos', 'America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos'), ('America/Argentina/Salta', 'America/Argentina/Salta'), ('America/Argentina/San_Juan', 'America/Argentina/San_Juan'), ('America/Argentina/San_Luis', 'America/Argentina/San_Luis'), ('America/Argentina/Tucuman', 'America/Argentina/Tucuman'), ('America/Argentina/Ushuaia', 'America/Argentina/Ushuaia'), ('America/Aruba', 'America/Aruba'), ('America/Asuncion', 'America/Asuncion'), ('America/Atikokan', 'America/Atikokan'), ('America/Bahia', 'America/Bahia'), ('America/Bahia_Banderas', 'America/Bahia_Banderas'), ('America/Barbados', 'America/Barbados'), ('America/Belem', 'America/Belem'), ('America/Belize', 'America/Belize'), ('America/Blanc-Sablon', 'America/Blanc-Sablon'), ('America/Boa_Vista', 'America/Boa_Vista'), ('America/Bogota', 'America/Bogota'), ('America/Boise', 'America/Boise'), ('America/Cambridge_Bay', 'America/Cambridge_Bay'), ('America/Campo_Grande', 'America/Campo_Grande'), ('America/Cancun', 'America/Cancun'), ('America/Caracas', 'America/Caracas'), ('America/Cayenne', 'America/Cayenne'), ('America/Cayman', 'America/Cayman'), ('America/Chicago', 'America/Chicago'), ('America/Chihuahua', 'America/Chihuahua'), ('America/Costa_Rica', 'America/Costa_Rica'), ('America/Creston', 'America/Creston'), ('America/Cuiaba', 'America/Cuiaba'), ('America/Curacao', 'America/Curacao'), ('America/Danmarkshavn', 'America/Danmarkshavn'), ('America/Dawson', 'America/Dawson'), ('America/Dawson_Creek', 'America/Dawson_Creek'), ('America/Denver', 'America/Denver'), ('America/Detroit', 'America/Detroit'), ('America/Dominica', 'America/Dominica'), ('America/Edmonton', 'America/Edmonton'), ('America/Eirunepe', 'America/Eirunepe'), ('America/El_Salvador', 'America/El_Salvador'), ('America/Fort_Nelson', 'America/Fort_Nelson'), ('America/Fortaleza', 'America/Fortaleza'), ('America/Glace_Bay', 'America/Glace_Bay'), ('America/Goose_Bay', 'America/Goose_Bay'), ('America/Grand_Turk', 'America/Grand_Turk'), ('America/Grenada', 'America/Grenada'), ('America/Guadeloupe', 'America/Guadeloupe'), ('America/Guatemala', 'America/Guatemala'), ('America/Guayaquil', 'America/Guayaquil'), ('America/Guyana', 'America/Guyana'), ('America/Halifax', 'America/Halifax'), ('America/Havana', 'America/Havana'), ('America/Hermosillo', 'America/Hermosillo'), ('America/Indiana/Indianapolis', 'America/Indiana/Indianapolis'), ('America/Indiana/Knox', 'America/Indiana/Knox'), ('America/Indiana/Marengo', 'America/Indiana/Marengo'), ('America/Indiana/Petersburg', 'America/Indiana/Petersburg'), ('America/Indiana/Tell_City', 'America/Indiana/Tell_City'), ('America/Indiana/Vevay', 'America/Indiana/Vevay'), ('America/Indiana/Vincennes', 'America/Indiana/Vincennes'), ('America/Indiana/Winamac', 'America/Indiana/Winamac'), ('America/Inuvik', 'America/Inuvik'), ('America/Iqaluit', 'America/Iqaluit'), ('America/Jamaica', 'America/Jamaica'), ('America/Juneau', 'America/Juneau'), ('America/Kentucky/Louisville', 'America/Kentucky/Louisville'), ('America/Kentucky/Monticello', 'America/Kentucky/Monticello'), ('America/La_Paz', 'America/La_Paz'), ('America/Lima', 'America/Lima'), ('America/Los_Angeles', 'America/Los_Angeles'), ('America/Maceio', 'America/Maceio'), ('America/Managua', 'America/Managua'), ('America/Manaus', 'America/Manaus'), ('America/Martinique', 'America/Martinique'), ('America/Matamoros', 'America/Matamoros'), ('America/Mazatlan', 'America/Mazatlan'), ('America/Menominee', 'America/Menominee'), ('America/Merida', 'America/Merida'), ('America/Metlakatla', 'America/Metlakatla'), ('America/Mexico_City', 'America/Mexico_City'), ('America/Miquelon', 'America/Miquelon'), ('America/Moncton', 'America/Moncton'), ('America/Monterrey', 'America/Monterrey'), ('America/Montevideo', 'America/Montevideo'), ('America/Montserrat', 'America/Montserrat'), ('America/Nassau', 'America/Nassau'), ('America/New_York', 'America/New_York'), ('America/Nipigon', 'America/Nipigon'), ('America/Nome', 'America/Nome'), ('America/Noronha', 'America/Noronha'), ('America/North_Dakota/Beulah', 'America/North_Dakota/Beulah'), ('America/North_Dakota/Center', 'America/North_Dakota/Center'), ('America/North_Dakota/New_Salem', 'America/North_Dakota/New_Salem'), ('America/Nuuk', 'America/Nuuk'), ('America/Ojinaga', 'America/Ojinaga'), ('America/Panama', 'America/Panama'), ('America/Pangnirtung', 'America/Pangnirtung'), ('America/Paramaribo', 'America/Paramaribo'), ('America/Phoenix', 'America/Phoenix'), ('America/Port-au-Prince', 'America/Port-au-Prince'), ('America/Port_of_Spain', 'America/Port_of_Spain'), ('America/Porto_Velho', 'America/Porto_Velho'), ('America/Puerto_Rico', 'America/Puerto_Rico'), ('America/Punta_Arenas', 'America/Punta_Arenas'), ('America/Rainy_River', 'America/Rainy_River'), ('America/Rankin_Inlet', 'America/Rankin_Inlet'), ('America/Recife', 'America/Recife'), ('America/Regina', 'America/Regina'), ('America/Resolute', 'America/Resolute'), ('America/Rio_Branco', 'America/Rio_Branco'), ('America/Santarem', 'America/Santarem'), ('America/Santiago', 'America/Santiago'), ('America/Santo_Domingo', 'America/Santo_Domingo'), ('America/Sao_Paulo', 'America/Sao_Paulo'), ('America/Scoresbysund', 'America/Scoresbysund'), ('America/Sitka', 'America/Sitka'), ('America/St_Johns', 'America/St_Johns'), ('America/St_Kitts', 'America/St_Kitts'), ('America/St_Lucia', 'America/St_Lucia'), ('America/St_Thomas', 'America/St_Thomas'), ('America/St_Vincent', 'America/St_Vincent'), ('America/Swift_Current', 'America/Swift_Current'), ('America/Tegucigalpa', 'America/Tegucigalpa'), ('America/Thule', 'America/Thule'), ('America/Thunder_Bay', 'America/Thunder_Bay'), ('America/Tijuana', 'America/Tijuana'), ('America/Toronto', 'America/Toronto'), ('America/Tortola', 'America/Tortola'), ('America/Vancouver', 'America/Vancouver'), ('America/Whitehorse', 'America/Whitehorse'), ('America/Winnipeg', 'America/Winnipeg'), ('America/Yakutat', 'America/Yakutat'), ('America/Yellowknife', 'America/Yellowknife'), ('Antarctica/Casey', 'Antarctica/Casey'), ('Antarctica/Davis', 'Antarctica/Davis'), ('Antarctica/DumontDUrville', 'Antarctica/DumontDUrville'), ('Antarctica/Macquarie', 'Antarctica/Macquarie'), ('Antarctica/Mawson', 'Antarctica/Mawson'), ('Antarctica/McMurdo', 'Antarctica/McMurdo'), ('Antarctica/Palmer', 'Antarctica/Palmer'), ('Antarctica/Rothera', 'Antarctica/Rothera'), ('Antarctica/Syowa', 'Antarctica/Syowa'), ('Antarctica/Troll', 'Antarctica/Troll'), ('Antarctica/Vostok', 'Antarctica/Vostok'), ('Asia/Aden', 'Asia/Aden'), ('Asia/Almaty', 'Asia/Almaty'), ('Asia/Amman', 'Asia/Amman'), ('Asia/Anadyr', 'Asia/Anadyr'), ('Asia/Aqtau', 'Asia/Aqtau'), ('Asia/Aqtobe', 'Asia/Aqtobe'), ('Asia/Ashgabat', 'Asia/Ashgabat'), ('Asia/Atyrau', 'Asia/Atyrau'), ('Asia/Baghdad', 'Asia/Baghdad'), ('Asia/Bahrain', 'Asia/Bahrain'), ('Asia/Baku', 'Asia/Baku'), ('Asia/Bangkok', 'Asia/Bangkok'), ('Asia/Barnaul', 'Asia/Barnaul'), ('Asia/Beirut', 'Asia/Beirut'), ('Asia/Bishkek', 'Asia/Bishkek'), ('Asia/Brunei', 'Asia/Brunei'), ('Asia/Chita', 'Asia/Chita'), ('Asia/Choibalsan', 'Asia/Choibalsan'), ('Asia/Colombo', 'Asia/Colombo'), ('Asia/Damascus', 'Asia/Damascus'), ('Asia/Dhaka', 'Asia/Dhaka'), ('Asia/Dili', 'Asia/Dili'), ('Asia/Dubai', 'Asia/Dubai'), ('Asia/Dushanbe', 'Asia/Dushanbe'), ('Asia/Famagusta', 'Asia/Famagusta'), ('Asia/Gaza', 'Asia/Gaza'), ('Asia/Hebron', 'Asia/Hebron'), ('Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh', 'Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh'), ('Asia/Hong_Kong', 'Asia/Hong_Kong'), ('Asia/Hovd', 'Asia/Hovd'), ('Asia/Irkutsk', 'Asia/Irkutsk'), ('Asia/Jakarta', 'Asia/Jakarta'), ('Asia/Jayapura', 'Asia/Jayapura'), ('Asia/Jerusalem', 'Asia/Jerusalem'), ('Asia/Kabul', 'Asia/Kabul'), ('Asia/Kamchatka', 'Asia/Kamchatka'), ('Asia/Karachi', 'Asia/Karachi'), ('Asia/Kathmandu', 'Asia/Kathmandu'), ('Asia/Khandyga', 'Asia/Khandyga'), ('Asia/Kolkata', 'Asia/Kolkata'), ('Asia/Krasnoyarsk', 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk'), ('Asia/Kuala_Lumpur', 'Asia/Kuala_Lumpur'), ('Asia/Kuching', 'Asia/Kuching'), ('Asia/Kuwait', 'Asia/Kuwait'), ('Asia/Macau', 'Asia/Macau'), ('Asia/Magadan', 'Asia/Magadan'), ('Asia/Makassar', 'Asia/Makassar'), ('Asia/Manila', 'Asia/Manila'), ('Asia/Muscat', 'Asia/Muscat'), ('Asia/Nicosia', 'Asia/Nicosia'), ('Asia/Novokuznetsk', 'Asia/Novokuznetsk'), ('Asia/Novosibirsk', 'Asia/Novosibirsk'), ('Asia/Omsk', 'Asia/Omsk'), ('Asia/Oral', 'Asia/Oral'), ('Asia/Phnom_Penh', 'Asia/Phnom_Penh'), ('Asia/Pontianak', 'Asia/Pontianak'), ('Asia/Pyongyang', 'Asia/Pyongyang'), ('Asia/Qatar', 'Asia/Qatar'), ('Asia/Qostanay', 'Asia/Qostanay'), ('Asia/Qyzylorda', 'Asia/Qyzylorda'), ('Asia/Riyadh', 'Asia/Riyadh'), ('Asia/Sakhalin', 'Asia/Sakhalin'), ('Asia/Samarkand', 'Asia/Samarkand'), ('Asia/Seoul', 'Asia/Seoul'), ('Asia/Shanghai', 'Asia/Shanghai'), ('Asia/Singapore', 'Asia/Singapore'), ('Asia/Srednekolymsk', 'Asia/Srednekolymsk'), ('Asia/Taipei', 'Asia/Taipei'), ('Asia/Tashkent', 'Asia/Tashkent'), ('Asia/Tbilisi', 'Asia/Tbilisi'), ('Asia/Tehran', 'Asia/Tehran'), ('Asia/Thimphu', 'Asia/Thimphu'), ('Asia/Tokyo', 'Asia/Tokyo'), ('Asia/Tomsk', 'Asia/Tomsk'), ('Asia/Ulaanbaatar', 'Asia/Ulaanbaatar'), ('Asia/Urumqi', 'Asia/Urumqi'), ('Asia/Ust-Nera', 'Asia/Ust-Nera'), ('Asia/Vientiane', 'Asia/Vientiane'), ('Asia/Vladivostok', 'Asia/Vladivostok'), ('Asia/Yakutsk', 'Asia/Yakutsk'), ('Asia/Yangon', 'Asia/Yangon'), ('Asia/Yekaterinburg', 'Asia/Yekaterinburg'), ('Asia/Yerevan', 'Asia/Yerevan'), ('Atlantic/Azores', 'Atlantic/Azores'), ('Atlantic/Bermuda', 'Atlantic/Bermuda'), ('Atlantic/Canary', 'Atlantic/Canary'), ('Atlantic/Cape_Verde', 'Atlantic/Cape_Verde'), ('Atlantic/Faroe', 'Atlantic/Faroe'), ('Atlantic/Madeira', 'Atlantic/Madeira'), ('Atlantic/Reykjavik', 'Atlantic/Reykjavik'), ('Atlantic/South_Georgia', 'Atlantic/South_Georgia'), ('Atlantic/St_Helena', 'Atlantic/St_Helena'), ('Atlantic/Stanley', 'Atlantic/Stanley'), ('Australia/Adelaide', 'Australia/Adelaide'), ('Australia/Brisbane', 'Australia/Brisbane'), ('Australia/Broken_Hill', 'Australia/Broken_Hill'), ('Australia/Darwin', 'Australia/Darwin'), ('Australia/Eucla', 'Australia/Eucla'), ('Australia/Hobart', 'Australia/Hobart'), ('Australia/Lindeman', 'Australia/Lindeman'), ('Australia/Lord_Howe', 'Australia/Lord_Howe'), ('Australia/Melbourne', 'Australia/Melbourne'), ('Australia/Perth', 'Australia/Perth'), ('Australia/Sydney', 'Australia/Sydney'), ('Europe/Amsterdam', 'Europe/Amsterdam'), ('Europe/Andorra', 'Europe/Andorra'), ('Europe/Astrakhan', 'Europe/Astrakhan'), ('Europe/Athens', 'Europe/Athens'), ('Europe/Belgrade', 'Europe/Belgrade'), ('Europe/Berlin', 'Europe/Berlin'), ('Europe/Brussels', 'Europe/Brussels'), ('Europe/Bucharest', 'Europe/Bucharest'), ('Europe/Budapest', 'Europe/Budapest'), ('Europe/Chisinau', 'Europe/Chisinau'), ('Europe/Copenhagen', 'Europe/Copenhagen'), ('Europe/Dublin', 'Europe/Dublin'), ('Europe/Gibraltar', 'Europe/Gibraltar'), ('Europe/Helsinki', 'Europe/Helsinki'), ('Europe/Istanbul', 'Europe/Istanbul'), ('Europe/Kaliningrad', 'Europe/Kaliningrad'), ('Europe/Kirov', 'Europe/Kirov'), ('Europe/Kyiv', 'Europe/Kyiv'), ('Europe/Lisbon', 'Europe/Lisbon'), ('Europe/London', 'Europe/London'), ('Europe/Luxembourg', 'Europe/Luxembourg'), ('Europe/Madrid', 'Europe/Madrid'), ('Europe/Malta', 'Europe/Malta'), ('Europe/Minsk', 'Europe/Minsk'), ('Europe/Monaco', 'Europe/Monaco'), ('Europe/Moscow', 'Europe/Moscow'), ('Europe/Oslo', 'Europe/Oslo'), ('Europe/Paris', 'Europe/Paris'), ('Europe/Prague', 'Europe/Prague'), ('Europe/Riga', 'Europe/Riga'), ('Europe/Rome', 'Europe/Rome'), ('Europe/Samara', 'Europe/Samara'), ('Europe/Saratov', 'Europe/Saratov'), ('Europe/Simferopol', 'Europe/Simferopol'), ('Europe/Sofia', 'Europe/Sofia'), ('Europe/Stockholm', 'Europe/Stockholm'), ('Europe/Tallinn', 'Europe/Tallinn'), ('Europe/Tirane', 'Europe/Tirane'), ('Europe/Ulyanovsk', 'Europe/Ulyanovsk'), ('Europe/Uzhgorod', 'Europe/Uzhgorod'), ('Europe/Vaduz', 'Europe/Vaduz'), ('Europe/Vienna', 'Europe/Vienna'), ('Europe/Vilnius', 'Europe/Vilnius'), ('Europe/Volgograd', 'Europe/Volgograd'), ('Europe/Warsaw', 'Europe/Warsaw'), ('Europe/Zaporozhye', 'Europe/Zaporozhye'), ('Europe/Zurich', 'Europe/Zurich'), ('GMT', 'GMT'), ('Indian/Antananarivo', 'Indian/Antananarivo'), ('Indian/Chagos', 'Indian/Chagos'), ('Indian/Christmas', 'Indian/Christmas'), ('Indian/Cocos', 'Indian/Cocos'), ('Indian/Comoro', 'Indian/Comoro'), ('Indian/Kerguelen', 'Indian/Kerguelen'), ('Indian/Mahe', 'Indian/Mahe'), ('Indian/Maldives', 'Indian/Maldives'), ('Indian/Mauritius', 'Indian/Mauritius'), ('Indian/Mayotte', 'Indian/Mayotte'), ('Indian/Reunion', 'Indian/Reunion'), ('Pacific/Apia', 'Pacific/Apia'), ('Pacific/Auckland', 'Pacific/Auckland'), ('Pacific/Bougainville', 'Pacific/Bougainville'), ('Pacific/Chatham', 'Pacific/Chatham'), ('Pacific/Chuuk', 'Pacific/Chuuk'), ('Pacific/Easter', 'Pacific/Easter'), ('Pacific/Efate', 'Pacific/Efate'), ('Pacific/Fakaofo', 'Pacific/Fakaofo'), ('Pacific/Fiji', 'Pacific/Fiji'), ('Pacific/Funafuti', 'Pacific/Funafuti'), ('Pacific/Galapagos', 'Pacific/Galapagos'), ('Pacific/Gambier', 'Pacific/Gambier'), ('Pacific/Guadalcanal', 'Pacific/Guadalcanal'), ('Pacific/Guam', 'Pacific/Guam'), ('Pacific/Honolulu', 'Pacific/Honolulu'), ('Pacific/Kanton', 'Pacific/Kanton'), ('Pacific/Kiritimati', 'Pacific/Kiritimati'), ('Pacific/Kosrae', 'Pacific/Kosrae'), ('Pacific/Kwajalein', 'Pacific/Kwajalein'), ('Pacific/Majuro', 'Pacific/Majuro'), ('Pacific/Marquesas', 'Pacific/Marquesas'), ('Pacific/Midway', 'Pacific/Midway'), ('Pacific/Nauru', 'Pacific/Nauru'), ('Pacific/Niue', 'Pacific/Niue'), ('Pacific/Norfolk', 'Pacific/Norfolk'), ('Pacific/Noumea', 'Pacific/Noumea'), ('Pacific/Pago_Pago', 'Pacific/Pago_Pago'), ('Pacific/Palau', 'Pacific/Palau'), ('Pacific/Pitcairn', 'Pacific/Pitcairn'), ('Pacific/Pohnpei', 'Pacific/Pohnpei'), ('Pacific/Port_Moresby', 'Pacific/Port_Moresby'), ('Pacific/Rarotonga', 'Pacific/Rarotonga'), ('Pacific/Saipan', 'Pacific/Saipan'), ('Pacific/Tahiti', 'Pacific/Tahiti'), ('Pacific/Tarawa', 'Pacific/Tarawa'), ('Pacific/Tongatapu', 'Pacific/Tongatapu'), ('Pacific/Wake', 'Pacific/Wake'), ('Pacific/Wallis', 'Pacific/Wallis'), ('UTC', 'UTC')], default='UTC', max_length=255),
+        ),
+    ]
diff --git a/ietf/meeting/models.py b/ietf/meeting/models.py
index 417a6ac9b..59c9f30d1 100644
--- a/ietf/meeting/models.py
+++ b/ietf/meeting/models.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from django.db.models import Max, Subquery, OuterRef, TextField, Value, Q
 from django.db.models.functions import Coalesce
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.text import slugify
 from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ from ietf.person.models import Person
 from ietf.utils.decorators import memoize
 from ietf.utils.storage import NoLocationMigrationFileSystemStorage
 from ietf.utils.text import xslugify
-from ietf.utils.timezone import date2datetime
+from ietf.utils.timezone import datetime_from_date
 from ietf.utils.models import ForeignKey
 from ietf.utils.validators import (
     MaxImageSizeValidator, WrappedValidator, validate_file_size, validate_mime_type,
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ class Meeting(models.Model):
     # We can't derive time-zone from country, as there are some that have
     # more than one timezone, and the pytz module doesn't provide timezone
     # lookup information for all relevant city/country combinations.
-    time_zone = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=255, choices=timezones)
+    time_zone = models.CharField(max_length=255, choices=timezones, default='UTC')
     idsubmit_cutoff_day_offset_00 = models.IntegerField(blank=True,
         default=settings.IDSUBMIT_DEFAULT_CUTOFF_DAY_OFFSET_00,
         help_text = "The number of days before the meeting start date when the submission of -00 drafts will be closed.")
@@ -137,6 +138,14 @@ class Meeting(models.Model):
     def end_date(self):
         return self.get_meeting_date(self.days-1)
 
+    def start_datetime(self):
+        """Start-of-day on meeting.date in meeting time zone"""
+        return datetime_from_date(self.date, self.tz())
+
+    def end_datetime(self):
+        """Datetime of the first instant _after_ the meeting's last day in meeting time zone"""
+        return datetime_from_date(self.get_meeting_date(self.days), self.tz())
+
     def get_00_cutoff(self):
         start_date = datetime.datetime(year=self.date.year, month=self.date.month, day=self.date.day, tzinfo=pytz.utc)
         importantdate = self.importantdate_set.filter(name_id='idcutoff').first()
@@ -146,7 +155,7 @@ class Meeting(models.Model):
             cutoff_date = importantdate.date
         else:
             cutoff_date = start_date + datetime.timedelta(days=ImportantDateName.objects.get(slug='idcutoff').default_offset_days)
-        cutoff_time = date2datetime(cutoff_date) + self.idsubmit_cutoff_time_utc
+        cutoff_time = datetime_from_date(cutoff_date) + self.idsubmit_cutoff_time_utc
         return cutoff_time
 
     def get_01_cutoff(self):
@@ -158,7 +167,7 @@ class Meeting(models.Model):
             cutoff_date = importantdate.date
         else:
             cutoff_date = start_date + datetime.timedelta(days=ImportantDateName.objects.get(slug='idcutoff').default_offset_days)
-        cutoff_time = date2datetime(cutoff_date) + self.idsubmit_cutoff_time_utc
+        cutoff_time = datetime_from_date(cutoff_date) + self.idsubmit_cutoff_time_utc
         return cutoff_time
 
     def get_reopen_time(self):
@@ -176,7 +185,7 @@ class Meeting(models.Model):
 
     @classmethod
     def get_current_meeting(cls, type="ietf"):
-        return cls.objects.filter(type=type, date__gte=datetime.datetime.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=7) ).order_by('date').first()
+        return cls.objects.filter(type=type, date__gte=timezone.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=7) ).order_by('date').first()
 
     def get_first_cut_off(self):
         return self.get_00_cutoff()
@@ -321,7 +330,7 @@ class Meeting(models.Model):
         for ts in self.timeslot_set.all():
             if ts.location_id is None:
                 continue
-            ymd = ts.time.date()
+            ymd = ts.local_start_time().date()
             if ymd not in time_slices:
                 time_slices[ymd] = []
                 slots[ymd] = []
@@ -329,15 +338,15 @@ class Meeting(models.Model):
 
             if ymd in time_slices:
                 # only keep unique entries
-                if [ts.time, ts.time + ts.duration, ts.duration.seconds] not in time_slices[ymd]:
-                    time_slices[ymd].append([ts.time, ts.time + ts.duration, ts.duration.seconds])
+                if [ts.local_start_time(), ts.local_end_time(), ts.duration.seconds] not in time_slices[ymd]:
+                    time_slices[ymd].append([ts.local_start_time(), ts.local_end_time(), ts.duration.seconds])
                     slots[ymd].append(ts)
 
         days.sort()
         for ymd in time_slices:
             # Make sure these sort the same way
             time_slices[ymd].sort()
-            slots[ymd].sort(key=lambda x: (x.time, x.duration))
+            slots[ymd].sort(key=lambda x: (x.local_start_time(), x.duration))
         return days,time_slices,slots
 
     # this functions makes a list of timeslices and rooms, and
@@ -353,20 +362,24 @@ class Meeting(models.Model):
 #                    SchedTimeSessAssignment.objects.create(schedule = sched,
 #                                                    timeslot = ts)
 
+    def tz(self):
+        if not hasattr(self, '_cached_tz'):
+            self._cached_tz = pytz.timezone(self.time_zone)
+        return self._cached_tz
+
     def vtimezone(self):
-        if self.time_zone:
-            try:
-                tzfn = os.path.join(settings.TZDATA_ICS_PATH, self.time_zone + ".ics")
-                if os.path.exists(tzfn):
-                    with io.open(tzfn) as tzf:
-                        icstext = tzf.read()
-                    vtimezone = re.search("(?sm)(\nBEGIN:VTIMEZONE.*\nEND:VTIMEZONE\n)", icstext).group(1).strip()
-                    if vtimezone:
-                        vtimezone += "\n"
-                    return vtimezone
-            except IOError:
-                pass
-        return ''
+        try:
+            tzfn = os.path.join(settings.TZDATA_ICS_PATH, self.time_zone + ".ics")
+            if os.path.exists(tzfn):
+                with io.open(tzfn) as tzf:
+                    icstext = tzf.read()
+                vtimezone = re.search("(?sm)(\nBEGIN:VTIMEZONE.*\nEND:VTIMEZONE\n)", icstext).group(1).strip()
+                if vtimezone:
+                    vtimezone += "\n"
+                return vtimezone
+        except IOError:
+            pass
+        return None
 
     def set_official_schedule(self, schedule):
         if self.schedule != schedule:
@@ -374,16 +387,14 @@ class Meeting(models.Model):
             self.save()
 
     def updated(self):
-        min_time = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0) # should be Meeting.modified, but we don't have that
+        # should be Meeting.modified, but we don't have that
+        min_time = pytz.utc.localize(datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0))
         timeslots_updated = self.timeslot_set.aggregate(Max('modified'))["modified__max"] or min_time
         sessions_updated = self.session_set.aggregate(Max('modified'))["modified__max"] or min_time
         assignments_updated = min_time
         if self.schedule:
             assignments_updated = SchedTimeSessAssignment.objects.filter(schedule__in=[self.schedule, self.schedule.base if self.schedule else None]).aggregate(Max('modified'))["modified__max"] or min_time
-        ts = max(timeslots_updated, sessions_updated, assignments_updated)
-        tz = pytz.timezone(settings.PRODUCTION_TIMEZONE)
-        ts = tz.localize(ts)
-        return ts
+        return max(timeslots_updated, sessions_updated, assignments_updated)
 
     @memoize
     def previous_meeting(self):
@@ -604,41 +615,22 @@ class TimeSlot(models.Model):
         return self._cached_html_location
 
     def tz(self):
-        if not hasattr(self, '_cached_tz'):
-            if self.meeting.time_zone:
-                self._cached_tz = pytz.timezone(self.meeting.time_zone)
-            else:
-                self._cached_tz = None
-        return self._cached_tz
+        return self.meeting.tz()
 
     def tzname(self):
-        if self.tz():
-            return self.tz().tzname(self.time)
-        else:
-            return ""
+        return self.tz().tzname(self.time)
 
     def utc_start_time(self):
-        if self.tz():
-            local_start_time = self.tz().localize(self.time)
-            return local_start_time.astimezone(pytz.utc)
-        else:
-            return None
+        return self.time.astimezone(pytz.utc)  # USE_TZ is True, so time is aware
 
     def utc_end_time(self):
-        utc_start = self.utc_start_time()
-        # Add duration after converting start time, otherwise errors creep in around DST change
-        return None if utc_start is None else utc_start + self.duration
+        return self.time.astimezone(pytz.utc) + self.duration  # USE_TZ is True, so time is aware
 
     def local_start_time(self):
-        if self.tz():
-            return self.tz().localize(self.time)
-        else:
-            return None
+        return self.time.astimezone(self.tz())
 
     def local_end_time(self):
-        local_start = self.local_start_time()
-        # Add duration after converting start time, otherwise errors creep in around DST change
-        return None if local_start is None else local_start + self.duration
+        return (self.time.astimezone(pytz.utc) + self.duration).astimezone(self.tz())
 
     @property
     def js_identifier(self):
@@ -1280,7 +1272,7 @@ class Session(models.Model):
 
 class SchedulingEvent(models.Model):
     session = ForeignKey(Session)
-    time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now, help_text="When the event happened")
+    time = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now, help_text="When the event happened")
     status = ForeignKey(SessionStatusName)
     by = ForeignKey(Person)
 
diff --git a/ietf/meeting/test_data.py b/ietf/meeting/test_data.py
index e5fdd71c5..9fd49f1c8 100644
--- a/ietf/meeting/test_data.py
+++ b/ietf/meeting/test_data.py
@@ -21,10 +21,12 @@ from ietf.person.factories import PersonFactory
 from ietf.person.models import Person
 from ietf.utils.test_data import make_test_data
 
-def make_interim_meeting(group,date,status='sched'):
+def make_interim_meeting(group,date,status='sched',tz='UTC'):
     system_person = Person.objects.get(name="(System)")
-    time = datetime.datetime.combine(date, datetime.time(9))
-    meeting = create_interim_meeting(group=group,date=date)
+    meeting = create_interim_meeting(group=group,date=date,timezone=tz)
+    time = meeting.tz().localize(
+        datetime.datetime.combine(date, datetime.time(9))
+    )
     session = SessionFactory(meeting=meeting, group=group,
                              attendees=10,
                              requested_duration=datetime.timedelta(minutes=20),
@@ -102,24 +104,37 @@ def make_meeting_test_data(meeting=None, create_interims=False):
 
     # slots
     session_date = meeting.date + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
+    tz = meeting.tz()
     slot1 = TimeSlot.objects.create(meeting=meeting, type_id='regular', location=room,
                                     duration=datetime.timedelta(minutes=60),
-                                    time=datetime.datetime.combine(session_date, datetime.time(9, 30)))
+                                    time=tz.localize(
+                                        datetime.datetime.combine(session_date, datetime.time(9, 30))
+                                    ))
     slot2 = TimeSlot.objects.create(meeting=meeting, type_id='regular', location=room,
                                     duration=datetime.timedelta(minutes=60),
-                                    time=datetime.datetime.combine(session_date, datetime.time(10, 50)))
+                                    time=tz.localize(
+                                        datetime.datetime.combine(session_date, datetime.time(10, 50))
+                                    ))
     breakfast_slot = TimeSlot.objects.create(meeting=meeting, type_id="lead", location=breakfast_room,
                                     duration=datetime.timedelta(minutes=90),
-                                    time=datetime.datetime.combine(session_date, datetime.time(7,0)))
+                                    time=tz.localize(
+                                        datetime.datetime.combine(session_date, datetime.time(7,0))
+                                    ))
     reg_slot = TimeSlot.objects.create(meeting=meeting, type_id="reg", location=reg_room,
                                        duration=datetime.timedelta(minutes=480),
-                                       time=datetime.datetime.combine(session_date, datetime.time(9,0)))
+                                       time=tz.localize(
+                                           datetime.datetime.combine(session_date, datetime.time(9,0))
+                                       ))
     break_slot = TimeSlot.objects.create(meeting=meeting, type_id="break", location=break_room,
                                          duration=datetime.timedelta(minutes=90),
-                                         time=datetime.datetime.combine(session_date, datetime.time(7,0)))
+                                         time=tz.localize(
+                                             datetime.datetime.combine(session_date, datetime.time(7,0))
+                                         ))
     plenary_slot = TimeSlot.objects.create(meeting=meeting, type_id="plenary", location=room,
                                          duration=datetime.timedelta(minutes=60),
-                                         time=datetime.datetime.combine(session_date, datetime.time(11,0)))
+                                         time=tz.localize(
+                                             datetime.datetime.combine(session_date, datetime.time(11,0))
+                                         ))
     # mars WG
     mars = Group.objects.get(acronym='mars')
     mars_session = SessionFactory(meeting=meeting, group=mars,
@@ -213,7 +228,7 @@ def make_meeting_test_data(meeting=None, create_interims=False):
 
     return meeting
 
-def make_interim_test_data():
+def make_interim_test_data(meeting_tz='UTC'):
     date = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=365)
     date2 = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=1000)
     PersonFactory(user__username='plain')
@@ -225,10 +240,10 @@ def make_interim_test_data():
     RoleFactory(group=mars,person__user__username='marschairman',name_id='chair')
     RoleFactory(group=ames,person__user__username='ameschairman',name_id='chair')
 
-    make_interim_meeting(group=mars,date=date,status='sched')
-    make_interim_meeting(group=mars,date=date2,status='apprw')
-    make_interim_meeting(group=ames,date=date,status='canceled')
-    make_interim_meeting(group=ames,date=date2,status='apprw')
+    make_interim_meeting(group=mars,date=date,status='sched',tz=meeting_tz)
+    make_interim_meeting(group=mars,date=date2,status='apprw',tz=meeting_tz)
+    make_interim_meeting(group=ames,date=date,status='canceled',tz=meeting_tz)
+    make_interim_meeting(group=ames,date=date2,status='apprw',tz=meeting_tz)
 
     return
 
diff --git a/ietf/meeting/tests_js.py b/ietf/meeting/tests_js.py
index 94e41f5ed..eac6084aa 100644
--- a/ietf/meeting/tests_js.py
+++ b/ietf/meeting/tests_js.py
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ from unittest import skipIf
 import urllib.parse
 
 import django
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.text import slugify
-from django.utils.timezone import now
 from django.db.models import F
 import pytz
 
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ from ietf.meeting.utils import add_event_info_to_session_qs
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import assert_ical_response_is_valid
 from ietf.utils.jstest import ( IetfSeleniumTestCase, ifSeleniumEnabled, selenium_enabled,
                                 presence_of_element_child_by_css_selector )
+from ietf.utils.timezone import datetime_today, datetime_from_date, date_today
 
 if selenium_enabled():
     from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
@@ -307,7 +308,7 @@ class EditMeetingScheduleTests(IetfSeleniumTestCase):
         room = RoomFactory(meeting=meeting)
 
         # get current time in meeting time zone
-        right_now = now().astimezone(
+        right_now = timezone.now().astimezone(
             pytz.timezone(meeting.time_zone)
         )
         if not settings.USE_TZ:
@@ -394,11 +395,11 @@ class EditMeetingScheduleTests(IetfSeleniumTestCase):
     def test_past_swap_days_buttons(self):
         """Swap days buttons should be hidden for past items"""
         wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 2)
-        meeting = MeetingFactory(type_id='ietf', date=datetime.datetime.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=3), days=7)
+        meeting = MeetingFactory(type_id='ietf', date=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=3), days=7)
         room = RoomFactory(meeting=meeting)
 
         # get current time in meeting time zone
-        right_now = now().astimezone(
+        right_now = timezone.now().astimezone(
             pytz.timezone(meeting.time_zone)
         )
         if not settings.USE_TZ:
@@ -518,11 +519,11 @@ class EditMeetingScheduleTests(IetfSeleniumTestCase):
     def test_past_swap_timeslot_col_buttons(self):
         """Swap timeslot column buttons should be hidden for past items"""
         wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 2)
-        meeting = MeetingFactory(type_id='ietf', date=datetime.datetime.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=3), days=7)
+        meeting = MeetingFactory(type_id='ietf', date=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=3), days=7)
         room = RoomFactory(meeting=meeting)
 
         # get current time in meeting time zone
-        right_now = now().astimezone(
+        right_now = timezone.now().astimezone(
             pytz.timezone(meeting.time_zone)
         )
         if not settings.USE_TZ:
@@ -1434,13 +1435,16 @@ class AgendaTests(IetfSeleniumTestCase):
         # for others (break, reg, other):
         #   row-<meeting#>-<year>-<month>-<day>-<DoW>-<HHMM>-<group acro>-<session name slug>
         meeting_number = components[1]
-        start_time = datetime.datetime(
-            year=int(components[2]),
-            month=int(components[3]),
-            day=int(components[4]),
-            hour=int(components[6][0:2]),
-            minute=int(components[6][2:4]),
+        start_time = pytz.utc.localize(
+            datetime.datetime(
+                year=int(components[2]),
+                month=int(components[3]),
+                day=int(components[4]),
+                hour=int(components[6][0:2]),
+                minute=int(components[6][2:4]),
+            )
         )
+
         # If labeled as plenary, it's plenary...
         if components[7] == '1plenary':
             session_type = 'plenary'
@@ -1904,10 +1908,9 @@ class WeekviewTests(IetfSeleniumTestCase):
 
         # Session during a single day in meeting local time but multi-day UTC
         # Compute a time that overlaps midnight, UTC, but won't when shifted to a local time zone
-        start_time_utc = pytz.timezone('UTC').localize(
+        start_time_utc = pytz.utc.localize(
             datetime.datetime.combine(self.meeting.date, datetime.time(23,0))
         )
-        start_time_local = start_time_utc.astimezone(pytz.timezone(self.meeting.time_zone))
 
         daytime_session = SessionFactory(
             meeting=self.meeting,
@@ -1916,7 +1919,7 @@ class WeekviewTests(IetfSeleniumTestCase):
         )
         daytime_timeslot = TimeSlotFactory(
             meeting=self.meeting,
-            time=start_time_local.replace(tzinfo=None),  # drop timezone for Django
+            time=start_time_utc,
             duration=duration,
         )
         daytime_session.timeslotassignments.create(timeslot=daytime_timeslot, schedule=self.meeting.schedule)
@@ -1929,11 +1932,12 @@ class WeekviewTests(IetfSeleniumTestCase):
         )
         overnight_timeslot = TimeSlotFactory(
             meeting=self.meeting,
-            time=datetime.datetime.combine(self.meeting.date, datetime.time(23,0)),
+            time=self.meeting.tz().localize(
+                datetime.datetime.combine(self.meeting.date, datetime.time(23,0))
+            ),
             duration=duration,
         )
         overnight_session.timeslotassignments.create(timeslot=overnight_timeslot, schedule=self.meeting.schedule)
-
         # Check assumptions about events overlapping midnight
         self.assertEqual(daytime_timeslot.local_start_time().day,
                          daytime_timeslot.local_end_time().day,
@@ -2048,7 +2052,7 @@ class InterimTests(IetfSeleniumTestCase):
             Session.objects.filter(
                 meeting__type_id='interim',
                 timeslotassignments__schedule=F('meeting__schedule'),
-                timeslotassignments__timeslot__time__gte=datetime.datetime.today()
+                timeslotassignments__timeslot__time__gte=timezone.now()
             )
         ).filter(current_status__in=('sched','canceled'))
         meetings = []
@@ -2061,7 +2065,7 @@ class InterimTests(IetfSeleniumTestCase):
     def all_ietf_meetings(self):
         meetings = Meeting.objects.filter(
             type_id='ietf',
-            date__gte=datetime.datetime.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=7)
+            date__gte=timezone.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=7)
         )
         for m in meetings:
             m.calendar_label = 'IETF %s' % m.number
@@ -2191,7 +2195,7 @@ class InterimTests(IetfSeleniumTestCase):
         expected_assignments = list(SchedTimeSessAssignment.objects.filter(
             schedule__in=expected_schedules,
             session__in=expected_interim_sessions,
-            timeslot__time__gte=datetime.date.today(),
+            timeslot__time__gte=datetime_today(),
         ))
         # The UID formats should match those in the upcoming.ics template
         expected_uids = [
@@ -2609,7 +2613,7 @@ class EditTimeslotsTests(IetfSeleniumTestCase):
         self.meeting: Meeting = MeetingFactory(
             type_id='ietf',
             number=120,
-            date=datetime.datetime.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=10),
+            date=date_today() + datetime.timedelta(days=10),
             populate_schedule=False,
         )
         self.edit_timeslot_url = self.absreverse(
@@ -2679,22 +2683,23 @@ class EditTimeslotsTests(IetfSeleniumTestCase):
         self.do_delete_timeslot_test(cancel=True)
 
     def do_delete_time_interval_test(self, cancel=False):
-        delete_day = self.meeting.date.date()
+        delete_day = self.meeting.date
         delete_time = datetime.time(hour=10)
-        other_day = self.meeting.get_meeting_date(1).date()
+        other_day = self.meeting.get_meeting_date(1)
         other_time = datetime.time(hour=12)
         duration = datetime.timedelta(minutes=60)
 
         delete: [TimeSlot] = TimeSlotFactory.create_batch(
             2,
             meeting=self.meeting,
-            time=datetime.datetime.combine(delete_day, delete_time),
-            duration=duration)
+            time=datetime_from_date(delete_day, self.meeting.tz()).replace(hour=delete_time.hour),
+            duration=duration,
+        )
 
         keep: [TimeSlot] = [
             TimeSlotFactory(
                 meeting=self.meeting,
-                time=datetime.datetime.combine(day, time),
+                time=datetime_from_date(day, self.meeting.tz()).replace(hour=time.hour),
                 duration=duration
             )
             for (day, time) in (
@@ -2711,7 +2716,9 @@ class EditTimeslotsTests(IetfSeleniumTestCase):
             '[data-col-id="{}T{}-{}"]'.format(
                 delete_day.isoformat(),
                 delete_time.strftime('%H:%M'),
-                (datetime.datetime.combine(delete_day, delete_time) + duration).strftime(
+                self.meeting.tz().localize(
+                    datetime.datetime.combine(delete_day, delete_time) + duration
+                ).strftime(
                     '%H:%M'
                 ))
         )
@@ -2726,22 +2733,22 @@ class EditTimeslotsTests(IetfSeleniumTestCase):
         self.do_delete_time_interval_test(cancel=True)
 
     def do_delete_day_test(self, cancel=False):
-        delete_day = self.meeting.date.date()
-        times = [datetime.time(hour=10), datetime.time(hour=12)]
-        other_days = [self.meeting.get_meeting_date(d).date() for d in range(1, 3)]
+        delete_day = self.meeting.date
+        hours = [10, 12]
+        other_days = [self.meeting.get_meeting_date(d) for d in range(1, 3)]
 
         delete: [TimeSlot] = [
             TimeSlotFactory(
                 meeting=self.meeting,
-                time=datetime.datetime.combine(delete_day, time),
-            ) for time in times
+                time=datetime_from_date(delete_day, self.meeting.tz()).replace(hour=hour),
+            ) for hour in hours
         ]
 
         keep: [TimeSlot] = [
             TimeSlotFactory(
                 meeting=self.meeting,
-                time=datetime.datetime.combine(day, time),
-            ) for day in other_days for time in times
+                time=datetime_from_date(day, self.meeting.tz()).replace(hour=hour),
+            ) for day in other_days for hour in hours
         ]
 
         selector = (
diff --git a/ietf/meeting/tests_models.py b/ietf/meeting/tests_models.py
index dea31dc04..8dec586ec 100644
--- a/ietf/meeting/tests_models.py
+++ b/ietf/meeting/tests_models.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 """Tests of models in the Meeting application"""
 import datetime
 
+from mock import patch
+
 from ietf.meeting.factories import MeetingFactory, SessionFactory
 from ietf.stats.factories import MeetingRegistrationFactory
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import TestCase
@@ -52,6 +54,22 @@ class MeetingTests(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(attendance.online, 0)
         self.assertEqual(attendance.onsite, 5)
 
+    def test_vtimezone(self):
+        # normal time zone that should have a zoneinfo file
+        meeting = MeetingFactory(type_id='ietf', time_zone='America/Los_Angeles', populate_schedule=False)
+        vtz = meeting.vtimezone()
+        self.assertIsNotNone(vtz)
+        self.assertGreater(len(vtz), 0)
+        # time zone that does not have a zoneinfo file should return None
+        meeting = MeetingFactory(type_id='ietf', time_zone='Fake/Time_Zone', populate_schedule=False)
+        vtz = meeting.vtimezone()
+        self.assertIsNone(vtz)
+        # ioerror trying to read zoneinfo should return None
+        meeting = MeetingFactory(type_id='ietf', time_zone='America/Los_Angeles', populate_schedule=False)
+        with patch('ietf.meeting.models.io.open', side_effect=IOError):
+            vtz = meeting.vtimezone()
+        self.assertIsNone(vtz)
+
 
 class SessionTests(TestCase):
     def test_chat_archive_url_with_jabber(self):
diff --git a/ietf/meeting/tests_schedule_generator.py b/ietf/meeting/tests_schedule_generator.py
index d414805d3..a88280208 100644
--- a/ietf/meeting/tests_schedule_generator.py
+++ b/ietf/meeting/tests_schedule_generator.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # Copyright The IETF Trust 2020, All Rights Reserved
 import calendar
 import datetime
+import pytz
 from io import StringIO
 
 from django.core.management.base import CommandError
@@ -36,9 +37,11 @@ class ScheduleGeneratorTest(TestCase):
                     t = TimeSlotFactory(
                         meeting=self.meeting,
                         location=room,
-                        time=datetime.datetime.combine(
-                            self.meeting.date + datetime.timedelta(days=day),
-                            datetime.time(hour, 0),
+                        time=self.meeting.tz().localize(
+                            datetime.datetime.combine(
+                                self.meeting.date + datetime.timedelta(days=day),
+                                datetime.time(hour, 0),
+                            )
                         ),
                         duration=datetime.timedelta(minutes=60),
                     )
@@ -306,8 +309,11 @@ class ScheduleGeneratorTest(TestCase):
            add_to_schedule=False
         )
         # use a timeslot not on Sunday
+        meeting_date = pytz.utc.localize(
+            datetime.datetime.combine(self.meeting.get_meeting_date(1), datetime.time())
+        )
         ts = self.meeting.timeslot_set.filter(
-            time__gt=self.meeting.date + datetime.timedelta(days=1),
+            time__gt=meeting_date,
             location__capacity__lt=base_reg_session.attendees,
         ).order_by(
             'time'
diff --git a/ietf/meeting/tests_views.py b/ietf/meeting/tests_views.py
index 785cf8fcc..492854704 100644
--- a/ietf/meeting/tests_views.py
+++ b/ietf/meeting/tests_views.py
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ from django.test import Client, override_settings
 from django.db.models import F, Max
 from django.http import QueryDict, FileResponse
 from django.template import Context, Template
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.text import slugify
-from django.utils.timezone import now
 
 import debug           # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ from ietf.utils.decorators import skip_coverage
 from ietf.utils.mail import outbox, empty_outbox, get_payload_text
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import TestCase, login_testing_unauthorized, unicontent
 from ietf.utils.text import xslugify
+from ietf.utils.timezone import date_today, time_now
 
 from ietf.person.factories import PersonFactory
 from ietf.group.factories import GroupFactory, GroupEventFactory, RoleFactory
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ class MeetingTests(BaseMeetingTestCase):
         #
         self.write_materials_files(meeting, session)
         #
-        future_year = datetime.date.today().year+1
+        future_year = date_today().year+1
         future_num =  (future_year-1984)*3            # valid for the mid-year meeting
         future_meeting = Meeting.objects.create(date=datetime.date(future_year, 7, 22), number=future_num, type_id='ietf',
                                 city="Panama City", country="PA", time_zone='America/Panama')
@@ -228,7 +229,10 @@ class MeetingTests(BaseMeetingTestCase):
                              'Time zone indicator should be in nav sidebar')
 
         # plain
-        time_interval = r"%s<span.*/span>-%s" % (slot.time.strftime("%H:%M").lstrip("0"), (slot.time + slot.duration).strftime("%H:%M").lstrip("0"))
+        time_interval = r"{}<span.*/span>-{}".format(
+            slot.time.astimezone(meeting.tz()).strftime("%H:%M").lstrip("0"),
+            slot.end_time().astimezone(meeting.tz()).strftime("%H:%M").lstrip("0"),
+        )
 
         r = self.client.get(urlreverse("ietf.meeting.views.agenda", kwargs=dict(num=meeting.number)))
         self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)
@@ -430,7 +434,9 @@ class MeetingTests(BaseMeetingTestCase):
         session_date = meeting.date + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
         slot3 = TimeSlot.objects.create(meeting=meeting, type_id='regular', location=room,
                                         duration=datetime.timedelta(minutes=60),
-                                        time=datetime.datetime.combine(session_date, datetime.time(13, 30)))
+                                        time=meeting.tz().localize(
+                                            datetime.datetime.combine(session_date, datetime.time(13, 30))
+                                        ))
         SchedTimeSessAssignment.objects.create(timeslot=slot3, session=venus_session, schedule=meeting.schedule)
         url = urlreverse('ietf.meeting.views.agenda', kwargs=dict(num=meeting.number))
         r = self.client.get(url)
@@ -604,7 +610,7 @@ class MeetingTests(BaseMeetingTestCase):
     def test_interim_materials(self):
         make_meeting_test_data()
         group = Group.objects.get(acronym='mars')
-        date = datetime.datetime.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=10)
+        date = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=10)
         meeting = make_interim_meeting(group=group, date=date, status='sched')
         session = meeting.session_set.first()
 
@@ -801,7 +807,12 @@ class MeetingTests(BaseMeetingTestCase):
         a1 = s1.official_timeslotassignment()
         t1 = a1.timeslot
         # Create an extra session
-        t2 = TimeSlotFactory.create(meeting=meeting, time=datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, datetime.time(11, 30)))
+        t2 = TimeSlotFactory.create(
+            meeting=meeting,
+            time=meeting.tz().localize(
+                datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, datetime.time(11, 30))
+            )
+        )
         s2 = SessionFactory.create(meeting=meeting, group=s1.group, add_to_schedule=False)
         SchedTimeSessAssignment.objects.create(timeslot=t2, session=s2, schedule=meeting.schedule)
         #
@@ -811,16 +822,16 @@ class MeetingTests(BaseMeetingTestCase):
                                       r,
                                       expected_event_summaries=['mars - Martian Special Interest Group'],
                                       expected_event_count=2)
-        self.assertContains(r, t1.time.strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%S'))
-        self.assertContains(r, t2.time.strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%S'))
+        self.assertContains(r, t1.local_start_time().strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%S'))
+        self.assertContains(r, t2.local_start_time().strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%S'))
         #
         url = urlreverse('ietf.meeting.views.agenda_ical', kwargs={'num':meeting.number, 'session_id':s1.id, })
         r = self.client.get(url)
         assert_ical_response_is_valid(self, r,
                                       expected_event_summaries=['mars - Martian Special Interest Group'],
                                       expected_event_count=1)
-        self.assertContains(r, t1.time.strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%S'))
-        self.assertNotContains(r, t2.time.strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%S'))
+        self.assertContains(r, t1.local_start_time().strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%S'))
+        self.assertNotContains(r, t2.local_start_time().strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%S'))
 
     def test_meeting_agenda_has_static_ical_links(self):
         """Links to the agenda_ical view must appear on the agenda page
@@ -960,7 +971,7 @@ class MeetingTests(BaseMeetingTestCase):
         url = urlreverse('ietf.meeting.views.current_materials')
         response = self.client.get(url)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
-        MeetingFactory(type_id='ietf', date=datetime.date.today())
+        MeetingFactory(type_id='ietf', date=date_today())
         response = self.client.get(url)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
 
@@ -1105,7 +1116,9 @@ class EditMeetingScheduleTests(TestCase):
                     TimeSlotFactory(
                         meeting=meeting,
                         location=room,
-                        time=datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, time),
+                        time=meeting.tz().localize(
+                            datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, time)
+                        ),
                         duration=datetime.timedelta(minutes=duration),
                     )
 
@@ -1189,7 +1202,11 @@ class EditMeetingScheduleTests(TestCase):
         ]
 
         # Set up different sets of timeslots
-        t0 = datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, datetime.time(11, 0))
+        # Work with t0 in UTC for arithmetic. This does not change the results but is cleaner if someone looks
+        # at intermediate results which may be misleading until passed through tz.normalize().
+        t0 = meeting.tz().localize(
+            datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, datetime.time(11, 0))
+        ).astimezone(pytz.utc)
         dur = datetime.timedelta(hours=2)
         for room in room_groups[0]:
             TimeSlotFactory(meeting=meeting, location=room, duration=dur, time=t0)
@@ -1284,7 +1301,7 @@ class EditMeetingScheduleTests(TestCase):
         self.client.login(username=username, password=username + '+password')
 
         # Swap group 0's first and last sessions, first in the past
-        right_now = self._right_now_in(meeting.time_zone)
+        right_now = self._right_now_in(meeting.tz())
         for room in room_groups[0]:
             ts = room.timeslot_set.last()
             ts.time = right_now - datetime.timedelta(minutes=5)
@@ -1466,12 +1483,18 @@ class EditMeetingScheduleTests(TestCase):
         self.client.login(username=username, password=username + '+password')
 
         # Swap group 0's first and last sessions, first in the past
-        right_now = self._right_now_in(meeting.time_zone)
-        yesterday = (right_now - datetime.timedelta(days=1)).date()
-        day_before = (right_now - datetime.timedelta(days=2)).date()
+        right_now = self._right_now_in(meeting.tz())
+        yesterday = right_now.date() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
+        day_before = right_now.date() - datetime.timedelta(days=2)
         for room in room_groups[0]:
             ts = room.timeslot_set.last()
-            ts.time = datetime.datetime.combine(yesterday, ts.time.time())
+            # Calculation keeps local clock time, shifted to a different day.
+            ts.time = meeting.tz().localize(
+                datetime.datetime.combine(
+                    yesterday,
+                    ts.time.astimezone(meeting.tz()).time()
+                ),
+            )
             ts.save()
         # timeslot_set is ordered by -time, so check that we know which is past/future
         self.assertTrue(room_groups[0][0].timeslot_set.last().time < right_now)
@@ -1505,7 +1528,12 @@ class EditMeetingScheduleTests(TestCase):
         # now with both in the past
         for room in room_groups[0]:
             ts = room.timeslot_set.first()
-            ts.time = datetime.datetime.combine(day_before, ts.time.time())
+            ts.time = meeting.tz().localize(
+                datetime.datetime.combine(
+                    day_before,
+                    ts.time.astimezone(meeting.tz()).time(),
+                )
+            )
             ts.save()
         past_slots = room_groups[0][0].timeslot_set.filter(time__lt=right_now)
         self.assertEqual(len(past_slots), 2, 'Need two timeslots in the past!')
@@ -1528,8 +1556,8 @@ class EditMeetingScheduleTests(TestCase):
             self.fail('Response was not valid JSON: {}'.format(err))
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _right_now_in(tzname):
-        right_now = now().astimezone(pytz.timezone(tzname))
+    def _right_now_in(tzinfo):
+        right_now = timezone.now().astimezone(tzinfo)
         if not settings.USE_TZ:
             right_now = right_now.replace(tzinfo=None)
         return right_now
@@ -1538,10 +1566,10 @@ class EditMeetingScheduleTests(TestCase):
         """Allow assignment to future timeslots only for official schedule"""
         meeting = MeetingFactory(
             type_id='ietf',
-            date=(datetime.datetime.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)).date(),
+            date=(timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)).date(),
             days=3,
         )
-        right_now = self._right_now_in(meeting.time_zone)
+        right_now = self._right_now_in(meeting.tz())
 
         schedules = dict(
             official=meeting.schedule,
@@ -1598,10 +1626,10 @@ class EditMeetingScheduleTests(TestCase):
         """Do not allow assignment of past sessions for official schedule"""
         meeting = MeetingFactory(
             type_id='ietf',
-            date=(datetime.datetime.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)).date(),
+            date=(timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)).date(),
             days=3,
         )
-        right_now = self._right_now_in(meeting.time_zone)
+        right_now = self._right_now_in(meeting.tz())
 
         schedules = dict(
             official=meeting.schedule,
@@ -1733,10 +1761,10 @@ class EditMeetingScheduleTests(TestCase):
         """Allow unassignment only of future timeslots for official schedule"""
         meeting = MeetingFactory(
             type_id='ietf',
-            date=(datetime.datetime.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)).date(),
+            date=(timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)).date(),
             days=3,
         )
-        right_now = self._right_now_in(meeting.time_zone)
+        right_now = self._right_now_in(meeting.tz())
 
         schedules = dict(
             official=meeting.schedule,
@@ -1857,7 +1885,7 @@ class EditTimeslotsTests(TestCase):
         return MeetingFactory(
             type_id='ietf',
             number=number,
-            date=datetime.datetime.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=10),
+            date=date_today() + datetime.timedelta(days=10),
             populate_schedule=False,
         )
 
@@ -1889,7 +1917,8 @@ class EditTimeslotsTests(TestCase):
         meeting = self.create_bare_meeting(number=number)
         RoomFactory.create_batch(8, meeting=meeting)
         self.create_initial_schedule(meeting)
-        return meeting
+        # retrieve meeting from DB so it goes through Django's processing
+        return Meeting.objects.get(pk=meeting.pk)
 
     def test_view_permissions(self):
         """Only the secretary should be able to edit timeslots"""
@@ -2058,7 +2087,7 @@ class EditTimeslotsTests(TestCase):
         meeting = self.create_meeting()
         # add some timeslots
         times = [datetime.time(hour=h) for h in (11, 14)]
-        days = [meeting.get_meeting_date(ii).date() for ii in range(meeting.days)]
+        days = [meeting.get_meeting_date(ii) for ii in range(meeting.days)]
 
         timeslots = []
         duration = datetime.timedelta(minutes=90)
@@ -2068,7 +2097,7 @@ class EditTimeslotsTests(TestCase):
                     TimeSlotFactory(
                         meeting=meeting,
                         location=room,
-                        time=datetime.datetime.combine(day, t),
+                        time=meeting.tz().localize(datetime.datetime.combine(day, t)),
                         duration=duration,
                     )
                     for t in times
@@ -2149,17 +2178,21 @@ class EditTimeslotsTests(TestCase):
             TimeSlotFactory(
                 meeting=meeting,
                 location=meeting.room_set.first(),
-                time=datetime.datetime.combine(
-                    meeting.get_meeting_date(day).date(),
-                    datetime.time(hour=11)
+                time=meeting.tz().localize(
+                    datetime.datetime.combine(
+                        meeting.get_meeting_date(day),
+                        datetime.time(hour=11),
+                    )
                 ),
             )
             TimeSlotFactory(
                 meeting=meeting,
                 location=meeting.room_set.first(),
-                time=datetime.datetime.combine(
-                    meeting.get_meeting_date(day).date(),
-                    datetime.time(hour=14)
+                time=meeting.tz().localize(
+                    datetime.datetime.combine(
+                        meeting.get_meeting_date(day),
+                        datetime.time(hour=14),
+                    )
                 ),
             )
 
@@ -2258,10 +2291,8 @@ class EditTimeslotsTests(TestCase):
 
         name_before = 'Name Classic (tm)'
         type_before = 'regular'
-        time_before = datetime.datetime.combine(
-            meeting.date,
-            datetime.time(hour=10),
-        )
+        time_utc = pytz.utc.localize(datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, datetime.time(hour=10)))
+        time_before = time_utc.astimezone(meeting.tz())
         duration_before = datetime.timedelta(minutes=60)
         show_location_before = True
         location_before = meeting.room_set.first()
@@ -2278,7 +2309,7 @@ class EditTimeslotsTests(TestCase):
         self.login()
         name_after = 'New Name (tm)'
         type_after = 'plenary'
-        time_after = time_before + datetime.timedelta(days=1, hours=2)
+        time_after = (time_utc + datetime.timedelta(days=1, hours=2)).astimezone(meeting.tz())
         duration_after = duration_before * 2
         show_location_after = False
         location_after = meeting.room_set.last()
@@ -2458,8 +2489,8 @@ class EditTimeslotsTests(TestCase):
         ts = meeting.timeslot_set.exclude(pk__in=timeslots_before).first()  # only 1
         self.assertEqual(ts.name, post_data['name'])
         self.assertEqual(ts.type_id, post_data['type'])
-        self.assertEqual(str(ts.time.date().toordinal()), post_data['days'])
-        self.assertEqual(ts.time.strftime('%H:%M'), post_data['time'])
+        self.assertEqual(str(ts.local_start_time().date().toordinal()), post_data['days'])
+        self.assertEqual(ts.local_start_time().strftime('%H:%M'), post_data['time'])
         self.assertEqual(str(ts.duration), '{}:00'.format(post_data['duration']))  # add seconds
         self.assertEqual(ts.show_location, post_data['show_location'])
         self.assertEqual(str(ts.location.pk), post_data['locations'])
@@ -2468,7 +2499,7 @@ class EditTimeslotsTests(TestCase):
         """Creating a single timeslot outside the official meeting days should work"""
         meeting = self.create_meeting()
         timeslots_before = set(ts.pk for ts in meeting.timeslot_set.all())
-        other_date = meeting.get_meeting_date(-7).date()
+        other_date = meeting.get_meeting_date(-7)
         post_data = dict(
             name='some name',
             type='regular',
@@ -2491,8 +2522,8 @@ class EditTimeslotsTests(TestCase):
         ts = meeting.timeslot_set.exclude(pk__in=timeslots_before).first()  # only 1
         self.assertEqual(ts.name, post_data['name'])
         self.assertEqual(ts.type_id, post_data['type'])
-        self.assertEqual(ts.time.date(), other_date)
-        self.assertEqual(ts.time.strftime('%H:%M'), post_data['time'])
+        self.assertEqual(ts.local_start_time().date(), other_date)
+        self.assertEqual(ts.local_start_time().strftime('%H:%M'), post_data['time'])
         self.assertEqual(str(ts.duration), '{}:00'.format(post_data['duration']))  # add seconds
         self.assertEqual(ts.show_location, post_data['show_location'])
         self.assertEqual(str(ts.location.pk), post_data['locations'])
@@ -2706,8 +2737,8 @@ class EditTimeslotsTests(TestCase):
         """Creating multiple timeslots should work"""
         meeting = self.create_meeting()
         timeslots_before = set(ts.pk for ts in meeting.timeslot_set.all())
-        days = [meeting.get_meeting_date(n).date() for n in range(meeting.days)]
-        other_date = meeting.get_meeting_date(-1).date()  # date before start of meeting
+        days = [meeting.get_meeting_date(n) for n in range(meeting.days)]
+        other_date = meeting.get_meeting_date(-1)  # date before start of meeting
         self.assertNotIn(other_date, days)
         locations = meeting.room_set.all()
         post_data = dict(
@@ -2737,10 +2768,10 @@ class EditTimeslotsTests(TestCase):
         for ts in meeting.timeslot_set.exclude(pk__in=timeslots_before):
             self.assertEqual(ts.name, post_data['name'])
             self.assertEqual(ts.type_id, post_data['type'])
-            self.assertEqual(ts.time.strftime('%H:%M'), post_data['time'])
+            self.assertEqual(ts.local_start_time().strftime('%H:%M'), post_data['time'])
             self.assertEqual(str(ts.duration), '{}:00'.format(post_data['duration']))  # add seconds
             self.assertEqual(ts.show_location, post_data['show_location'])
-            self.assertIn(ts.time.date(), days)
+            self.assertIn(ts.local_start_time().date(), days)
             self.assertIn(ts.location, locations)
             self.assertIn((ts.time.date(), ts.location), day_locs,
                           'Duplicated day / location found')
@@ -3288,7 +3319,9 @@ class EditTests(TestCase):
         room = Room.objects.get(meeting=meeting, session_types='regular')
         base_timeslot = TimeSlot.objects.create(meeting=meeting, type_id='regular', location=room,
                                                 duration=datetime.timedelta(minutes=50),
-                                                time=datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date + datetime.timedelta(days=2), datetime.time(9, 30)))
+                                                time=meeting.tz().localize(
+                                                    datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date + datetime.timedelta(days=2), datetime.time(9, 30))
+                                                ))
 
         timeslots = list(TimeSlot.objects.filter(meeting=meeting, type='regular').order_by('time'))
 
@@ -3510,7 +3543,12 @@ class EditTests(TestCase):
         self.assertIn("#scroll=1234", r['Location'])
 
         test_timeslot = TimeSlot.objects.get(meeting=meeting, name="IETF Testing")
-        self.assertEqual(test_timeslot.time, datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, datetime.time(8, 30)))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            test_timeslot.time,
+            meeting.tz().localize(
+                datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, datetime.time(8, 30))
+            ),
+        )
         self.assertEqual(test_timeslot.duration, datetime.timedelta(hours=1, minutes=30))
         self.assertEqual(test_timeslot.location_id, break_room.pk)
         self.assertEqual(test_timeslot.show_location, True)
@@ -3552,7 +3590,12 @@ class EditTests(TestCase):
         })
         self.assertNoFormPostErrors(r)
         test_timeslot.refresh_from_db()
-        self.assertEqual(test_timeslot.time, datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, datetime.time(9, 30)))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            test_timeslot.time,
+            meeting.tz().localize(
+                datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, datetime.time(9, 30))
+            ),
+        )
         self.assertEqual(test_timeslot.duration, datetime.timedelta(hours=1))
         self.assertEqual(test_timeslot.location_id, breakfast_room.pk)
         self.assertEqual(test_timeslot.show_location, False)
@@ -4329,12 +4372,10 @@ class InterimTests(TestCase):
         self.do_interim_skip_announcement_test(extra_session=True, canceled_session=True, base_session=True)
 
     def do_interim_send_announcement_test(self, base_session=False, extra_session=False, canceled_session=False):
-        make_interim_test_data()
+        make_interim_test_data(meeting_tz='America/Los_Angeles')
         session = Session.objects.with_current_status().filter(
             meeting__type='interim', group__acronym='mars', current_status='apprw').first()
         meeting = session.meeting
-        meeting.time_zone = 'America/Los_Angeles'
-        meeting.save()
 
         if base_session:
             base_session = SessionFactory(meeting=meeting, status_id='apprw', add_to_schedule=False)
@@ -4679,9 +4720,9 @@ class InterimTests(TestCase):
     def do_interim_request_single_virtual(self, emails_expected):
         make_meeting_test_data()
         group = Group.objects.get(acronym='mars')
-        date = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
-        time = datetime.datetime.now().time().replace(microsecond=0,second=0)
-        dt = datetime.datetime.combine(date, time)
+        date = date_today() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
+        time = time_now().replace(microsecond=0,second=0)
+        dt = pytz.utc.localize(datetime.datetime.combine(date, time))
         duration = datetime.timedelta(hours=3)
         remote_instructions = 'Use webex'
         agenda = 'Intro. Slides. Discuss.'
@@ -4750,13 +4791,14 @@ class InterimTests(TestCase):
     def test_interim_request_single_in_person(self):
         make_meeting_test_data()
         group = Group.objects.get(acronym='mars')
-        date = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
-        time = datetime.datetime.now().time().replace(microsecond=0,second=0)
-        dt = datetime.datetime.combine(date, time)
+        date = date_today() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
+        time = time_now().replace(microsecond=0,second=0)
+        time_zone = 'America/Los_Angeles'
+        tz = pytz.timezone(time_zone)
+        dt = tz.localize(datetime.datetime.combine(date, time))
         duration = datetime.timedelta(hours=3)
         city = 'San Francisco'
         country = 'US'
-        time_zone = 'America/Los_Angeles'
         remote_instructions = 'Use webex'
         agenda = 'Intro. Slides. Discuss.'
         agenda_note = 'On second level'
@@ -4797,16 +4839,17 @@ class InterimTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_interim_request_multi_day(self):
         make_meeting_test_data()
-        date = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
+        date = date_today() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
         date2 = date + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
-        time = datetime.datetime.now().time().replace(microsecond=0,second=0)
-        dt = datetime.datetime.combine(date, time)
-        dt2 = datetime.datetime.combine(date2, time)
+        time = time_now().replace(microsecond=0,second=0)
+        time_zone = 'America/Los_Angeles'
+        tz = pytz.timezone(time_zone)
+        dt = tz.localize(datetime.datetime.combine(date, time))
+        dt2 = tz.localize(datetime.datetime.combine(date2, time))
         duration = datetime.timedelta(hours=3)
         group = Group.objects.get(acronym='mars')
         city = 'San Francisco'
         country = 'US'
-        time_zone = 'America/Los_Angeles'
         remote_instructions = 'Use webex'
         agenda = 'Intro. Slides. Discuss.'
         agenda_note = 'On second level'
@@ -4865,7 +4908,7 @@ class InterimTests(TestCase):
         make_meeting_test_data()
         date = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
         date2 = date + datetime.timedelta(days=2)
-        time = datetime.datetime.now().time().replace(microsecond=0,second=0)
+        time = timezone.now().time().replace(microsecond=0,second=0)
         group = Group.objects.get(acronym='mars')
         city = 'San Francisco'
         country = 'US'
@@ -4923,7 +4966,7 @@ class InterimTests(TestCase):
     def test_interim_request_series(self):
         make_meeting_test_data()
         meeting_count_before = Meeting.objects.filter(type='interim').count()
-        date = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
+        date = date_today() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
         if (date.month, date.day) == (12, 31):
             # Avoid date and date2 in separate years
             # (otherwise the test will fail if run on December 1st)
@@ -4933,14 +4976,15 @@ class InterimTests(TestCase):
         if date.year != date2.year:
             date += datetime.timedelta(days=1)
             date2 += datetime.timedelta(days=1)
-        time = datetime.datetime.now().time().replace(microsecond=0,second=0)
-        dt = datetime.datetime.combine(date, time)
-        dt2 = datetime.datetime.combine(date2, time)
+        time = time_now().replace(microsecond=0,second=0)
+        time_zone = 'America/Los_Angeles'
+        tz = pytz.timezone(time_zone)
+        dt = tz.localize(datetime.datetime.combine(date, time))
+        dt2 = tz.localize(datetime.datetime.combine(date2, time))
         duration = datetime.timedelta(hours=3)
         group = Group.objects.get(acronym='mars')
         city = ''
         country = ''
-        time_zone = 'America/Los_Angeles'
         remote_instructions = 'Use webex'
         agenda = 'Intro. Slides. Discuss.'
         agenda_note = 'On second level'
@@ -5082,14 +5126,14 @@ class InterimTests(TestCase):
         self.assertFalse(can_manage_group(user=user,group=group))
 
     def test_interim_request_details(self):
-        make_interim_test_data()
+        make_interim_test_data(meeting_tz='America/Chicago')
         meeting = Session.objects.with_current_status().filter(
             meeting__type='interim', group__acronym='mars', current_status='apprw').first().meeting
         url = urlreverse('ietf.meeting.views.interim_request_details',kwargs={'number':meeting.number})
         login_testing_unauthorized(self,"secretary",url)
         r = self.client.get(url)
         self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)
-        start_time = meeting.session_set.first().official_timeslotassignment().timeslot.time.strftime('%H:%M')
+        start_time = meeting.session_set.first().official_timeslotassignment().timeslot.local_start_time().strftime('%H:%M')
         utc_start_time = meeting.session_set.first().official_timeslotassignment().timeslot.utc_start_time().strftime('%H:%M')
         self.assertIn(start_time, unicontent(r))
         self.assertIn(utc_start_time, unicontent(r))
@@ -5615,7 +5659,7 @@ class InterimTests(TestCase):
     def test_send_interim_minutes_reminder(self):
         make_meeting_test_data()
         group = Group.objects.get(acronym='mars')
-        date = datetime.datetime.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=10)
+        date = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=10)
         meeting = make_interim_meeting(group=group, date=date, status='sched')
         length_before = len(outbox)
         send_interim_minutes_reminder(meeting=meeting)
@@ -5630,7 +5674,11 @@ class InterimTests(TestCase):
         a1 = s1.official_timeslotassignment()
         t1 = a1.timeslot
         # Create an extra session
-        t2 = TimeSlotFactory.create(meeting=meeting, time=datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, datetime.time(11, 30)))
+        t2 = TimeSlotFactory.create(
+            meeting=meeting,
+            time=meeting.tz().localize(
+                datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, datetime.time(11, 30))
+            ))
         s2 = SessionFactory.create(meeting=meeting, group=s1.group, add_to_schedule=False)
         SchedTimeSessAssignment.objects.create(timeslot=t2, session=s2, schedule=meeting.schedule)
         #
@@ -5640,8 +5688,8 @@ class InterimTests(TestCase):
         self.assertContains(r, 'BEGIN:VEVENT')
         self.assertEqual(r.content.count(b'UID'), 2)
         self.assertContains(r, 'SUMMARY:mars - Martian Special Interest Group')
-        self.assertContains(r, t1.time.strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%S'))
-        self.assertContains(r, t2.time.strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%S'))
+        self.assertContains(r, t1.local_start_time().strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%S'))
+        self.assertContains(r, t2.local_start_time().strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%S'))
         self.assertContains(r, 'END:VEVENT')
         #
         url = urlreverse('ietf.meeting.views.agenda_ical', kwargs={'num':meeting.number, 'session_id':s1.id, })
@@ -6563,7 +6611,7 @@ class HasMeetingsTests(TestCase):
         q = PyQuery(r.content)
         self.assertTrue(q('#id_group option[value="%d"]'%group.pk))
         date = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=30+meeting_count)
-        time = datetime.datetime.now().time().replace(microsecond=0,second=0)
+        time = timezone.now().time().replace(microsecond=0,second=0)
         remote_instructions = 'Use webex'
         agenda = 'Intro. Slides. Discuss.'
         agenda_note = 'On second level'
@@ -6659,7 +6707,7 @@ class HasMeetingsTests(TestCase):
             session = SessionFactory(
                 group__type_id = gf.type_id,
                 meeting__type_id='interim', 
-                meeting__date = datetime.datetime.today()+datetime.timedelta(days=30),
+                meeting__date = timezone.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=30),
                 status_id='sched',
             )
             sessions.append(session)
@@ -6675,7 +6723,7 @@ class HasMeetingsTests(TestCase):
         sessions=[]
         for gf in GroupFeatures.objects.filter(has_meetings=True):
             group = GroupFactory(type_id=gf.type_id)
-            meeting_date = datetime.datetime.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
+            meeting_date = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
             session = SessionFactory(
                 group=group,
                 meeting__type_id='interim', 
@@ -6696,7 +6744,7 @@ class HasMeetingsTests(TestCase):
         sessions=[]
         for gf in GroupFeatures.objects.filter(has_meetings=True):
             group = GroupFactory(type_id=gf.type_id)
-            meeting_date = datetime.datetime.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
+            meeting_date = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
             session = SessionFactory(
                 group=group,
                 meeting__type_id='interim', 
@@ -7422,7 +7470,7 @@ class ProceedingsTests(BaseMeetingTestCase):
 
     def test_proceedings_no_agenda(self):
         # Meeting number must be larger than the last special-cased proceedings (currently 96)
-        meeting = MeetingFactory(type_id='ietf',populate_schedule=False,date=datetime.date.today(), number='100')
+        meeting = MeetingFactory(type_id='ietf',populate_schedule=False,date=date_today(), number='100')
         url = urlreverse('ietf.meeting.views.proceedings')
         r = self.client.get(url)
         self.assertRedirects(r, urlreverse('ietf.meeting.views.materials'))
@@ -7531,7 +7579,7 @@ class ProceedingsTests(BaseMeetingTestCase):
         """Generate a meeting for proceedings material test"""
         # meeting number 123 avoids various legacy cases that affect these tests
         # (as of Aug 2021, anything above 96 is probably ok)
-        return MeetingFactory(type_id='ietf', number='123', date=datetime.date.today())
+        return MeetingFactory(type_id='ietf', number='123', date=date_today())
 
     def _secretary_only_permission_test(self, url, include_post=True):
         self.client.logout()
diff --git a/ietf/meeting/utils.py b/ietf/meeting/utils.py
index 0d1a56270..25366e7bd 100644
--- a/ietf/meeting/utils.py
+++ b/ietf/meeting/utils.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import datetime
 import itertools
+import pytz
 import requests
 import subprocess
 
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ from urllib.error import HTTPError
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.contrib import messages
 from django.template.loader import render_to_string
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import smart_text
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
@@ -33,13 +35,17 @@ def session_time_for_sorting(session, use_meeting_date):
     if official_timeslot:
         return official_timeslot.time
     elif use_meeting_date and session.meeting.date:
-        return datetime.datetime.combine(session.meeting.date, datetime.time.min)
+        return session.meeting.tz().localize(
+            datetime.datetime.combine(session.meeting.date, datetime.time.min)
+        )
     else:
         first_event = SchedulingEvent.objects.filter(session=session).order_by('time', 'id').first()
         if first_event:
             return first_event.time
         else:
-            return datetime.datetime.min
+            # n.b. cannot interpret this in timezones west of UTC. That is not expected to be necessary,
+            # but could probably safely add a day to the minimum datetime to make that possible.
+            return pytz.utc.localize(datetime.datetime.min)
 
 def session_requested_by(session):
     first_event = SchedulingEvent.objects.filter(session=session).order_by('time', 'id').first()
@@ -158,7 +164,12 @@ def create_proceedings_templates(meeting):
 
 def finalize(meeting):
     end_date = meeting.end_date()
-    end_time = datetime.datetime.combine(end_date, datetime.datetime.min.time())+datetime.timedelta(days=1)
+    end_time = meeting.tz().localize(
+        datetime.datetime.combine(
+            end_date,
+            datetime.time.min,
+        )
+    ).astimezone(pytz.utc) + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
     for session in meeting.session_set.all():
         for sp in session.sessionpresentation_set.filter(document__type='draft',rev=None):
             rev_before_end = [e for e in sp.document.docevent_set.filter(newrevisiondocevent__isnull=False).order_by('-time') if e.time <= end_time ]
@@ -322,7 +333,9 @@ def preprocess_constraints_for_meeting_schedule_editor(meeting, sessions):
     # synthesize AD constraints - we can treat them as a special kind of 'bethere'
     responsible_ad_for_group = {}
     session_groups = set(s.group for s in sessions if s.group and s.group.parent and s.group.parent.type_id == 'area')
-    meeting_time = datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, datetime.time(0, 0, 0))
+    meeting_time = meeting.tz().localize(
+        datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, datetime.time(0, 0, 0))
+    )
 
     # dig up historic AD names
     for group_id, history_time, pk in Person.objects.filter(rolehistory__name='ad', rolehistory__group__group__in=session_groups, rolehistory__group__time__lte=meeting_time).values_list('rolehistory__group__group', 'rolehistory__group__time', 'pk').order_by('rolehistory__group__time'):
@@ -511,7 +524,7 @@ def swap_meeting_schedule_timeslot_assignments(schedule, source_timeslots, targe
             if max_overlap > datetime.timedelta(minutes=5):
                 for a in lts_assignments:
                     a.timeslot = most_overlapping_rts
-                    a.modified = datetime.datetime.now()
+                    a.modified = timezone.now()
                     a.save()
                 swapped = True
 
diff --git a/ietf/meeting/views.py b/ietf/meeting/views.py
index 0c054db97..1d38346c7 100644
--- a/ietf/meeting/views.py
+++ b/ietf/meeting/views.py
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ from django.db.models import F, Max, Q
 from django.forms.models import modelform_factory, inlineformset_factory
 from django.template import TemplateDoesNotExist
 from django.template.loader import render_to_string
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import force_str
 from django.utils.functional import curry
 from django.utils.text import slugify
-from django.utils.timezone import now
 from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page
 from django.views.decorators.csrf import ensure_csrf_cookie, csrf_exempt
 from django.views.generic import RedirectView
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ from ietf.utils.pipe import pipe
 from ietf.utils.pdf import pdf_pages
 from ietf.utils.response import permission_denied
 from ietf.utils.text import xslugify
+from ietf.utils.timezone import datetime_today, date_today
 
 from .forms import (InterimMeetingModelForm, InterimAnnounceForm, InterimSessionModelForm,
     InterimCancelForm, InterimSessionInlineFormSet, RequestMinutesForm,
@@ -127,8 +128,8 @@ def materials(request, num=None):
     begin_date = meeting.get_submission_start_date()
     cut_off_date = meeting.get_submission_cut_off_date()
     cor_cut_off_date = meeting.get_submission_correction_date()
-    now = datetime.date.today()
-    old = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
+    now = date_today()
+    old = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
     if settings.SERVER_MODE != 'production' and '_testoverride' in request.GET:
         pass
     elif now > cor_cut_off_date:
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ def materials(request, num=None):
                 'cor_cut_off_date': cor_cut_off_date
             })
 
-    past_cutoff_date = datetime.date.today() > meeting.get_submission_correction_date()
+    past_cutoff_date = date_today() > meeting.get_submission_correction_date()
 
     schedule = get_schedule(meeting, None)
 
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ def materials(request, num=None):
     })
 
 def current_materials(request):
-    today = datetime.date.today()
+    today = date_today()
     meetings = Meeting.objects.exclude(number__startswith='interim-').filter(date__lte=today).order_by('-date')
     if meetings:
         return redirect(materials, meetings[0].number)
@@ -281,60 +282,63 @@ def materials_editable_groups(request, num=None):
 def edit_timeslots(request, num=None):
 
     meeting = get_meeting(num)
+    timezone.activate(meeting.tz())
+    try:
+        if request.method == 'POST':
+            # handle AJAX requests
+            action = request.POST.get('action')
+            if action == 'delete':
+                # delete a timeslot
+                # Parameters:
+                #   slot_id: comma-separated list of TimeSlot PKs to delete
+                slot_id = request.POST.get('slot_id')
+                if slot_id is None:
+                    return HttpResponseBadRequest('missing slot_id')
+                slot_ids = [id.strip() for id in slot_id.split(',')]
+                try:
+                    timeslots = meeting.timeslot_set.filter(pk__in=slot_ids)
+                except ValueError:
+                    return HttpResponseBadRequest('invalid slot_id specification')
+                missing_ids = set(slot_ids).difference(str(ts.pk) for ts in timeslots)
+                if len(missing_ids) != 0:
+                    return HttpResponseNotFound('TimeSlot ids not found in meeting {}: {}'.format(
+                        meeting.number,
+                        ', '.join(sorted(missing_ids))
+                    ))
+                timeslots.delete()
+                return HttpResponse(content='; '.join('Deleted TimeSlot {}'.format(id) for id in slot_ids))
+            else:
+                return HttpResponseBadRequest('unknown action')
 
-    if request.method == 'POST':
-        # handle AJAX requests
-        action = request.POST.get('action')
-        if action == 'delete':
-            # delete a timeslot
-            # Parameters:
-            #   slot_id: comma-separated list of TimeSlot PKs to delete
-            slot_id = request.POST.get('slot_id')
-            if slot_id is None:
-                return HttpResponseBadRequest('missing slot_id')
-            slot_ids = [id.strip() for id in slot_id.split(',')]
-            try:
-                timeslots = meeting.timeslot_set.filter(pk__in=slot_ids)
-            except ValueError:
-                return HttpResponseBadRequest('invalid slot_id specification')
-            missing_ids = set(slot_ids).difference(str(ts.pk) for ts in timeslots)
-            if len(missing_ids) != 0:
-                return HttpResponseNotFound('TimeSlot ids not found in meeting {}: {}'.format(
-                    meeting.number,
-                    ', '.join(sorted(missing_ids))
-                ))
-            timeslots.delete()
-            return HttpResponse(content='; '.join('Deleted TimeSlot {}'.format(id) for id in slot_ids))
-        else:
-            return HttpResponseBadRequest('unknown action')
+        # Labels here differ from those in the build_timeslices() method. The labels here are
+        # relative to the table: time_slices are the row headings (ie, days), date_slices are
+        # the column headings (i.e., time intervals), and slots are the per-day list of timeslots
+        # (with only one timeslot per unique time/duration)
+        time_slices, date_slices, slots = meeting.build_timeslices()
 
-    # Labels here differ from those in the build_timeslices() method. The labels here are
-    # relative to the table: time_slices are the row headings (ie, days), date_slices are
-    # the column headings (i.e., time intervals), and slots are the per-day list of timeslots
-    # (with only one timeslot per unique time/duration)
-    time_slices, date_slices, slots = meeting.build_timeslices()
+        ts_list = deque()
+        rooms = meeting.room_set.order_by("capacity","name","id")
+        for room in rooms:
+            for day in time_slices:
+                for slice in date_slices[day]:
+                    ts_list.append(room.timeslot_set.filter(time=slice[0],duration=datetime.timedelta(seconds=slice[2])))
 
-    ts_list = deque()
-    rooms = meeting.room_set.order_by("capacity","name","id")
-    for room in rooms:
-        for day in time_slices:
-            for slice in date_slices[day]:
-                ts_list.append(room.timeslot_set.filter(time=slice[0],duration=datetime.timedelta(seconds=slice[2])))
+        # Grab these in one query each to identify sessions that are in use and should be handled with care
+        ts_with_official_assignments = meeting.timeslot_set.filter(sessionassignments__schedule=meeting.schedule)
+        ts_with_any_assignments = meeting.timeslot_set.filter(sessionassignments__isnull=False)
 
-    # Grab these in one query each to identify sessions that are in use and should be handled with care
-    ts_with_official_assignments = meeting.timeslot_set.filter(sessionassignments__schedule=meeting.schedule)
-    ts_with_any_assignments = meeting.timeslot_set.filter(sessionassignments__isnull=False)
-    
-    return render(request, "meeting/timeslot_edit.html",
-                                         {"rooms":rooms,
-                                          "time_slices":time_slices,
-                                          "slot_slices": slots,
-                                          "date_slices":date_slices,
-                                          "meeting":meeting,
-                                          "ts_list":ts_list,
-                                          "ts_with_official_assignments": ts_with_official_assignments,
-                                          "ts_with_any_assignments": ts_with_any_assignments,
-                                      })
+        return render(request, "meeting/timeslot_edit.html",
+                                             {"rooms":rooms,
+                                              "time_slices":time_slices,
+                                              "slot_slices": slots,
+                                              "date_slices":date_slices,
+                                              "meeting":meeting,
+                                              "ts_list":ts_list,
+                                              "ts_with_official_assignments": ts_with_official_assignments,
+                                              "ts_with_any_assignments": ts_with_any_assignments,
+                                          })
+    finally:
+        timezone.deactivate()
 
 class NewScheduleForm(forms.ModelForm):
     class Meta:
@@ -442,7 +446,7 @@ def edit_meeting_schedule(request, num=None, owner=None, name=None):
 
     lock_time = settings.MEETING_SESSION_LOCK_TIME
     def timeslot_locked(ts):
-        meeting_now = now().astimezone(pytz.timezone(meeting.time_zone))
+        meeting_now = timezone.now().astimezone(pytz.timezone(meeting.time_zone))
         if not settings.USE_TZ:
             meeting_now = meeting_now.replace(tzinfo=None)
         return schedule.is_official and (ts.time - meeting_now < lock_time)
@@ -785,7 +789,7 @@ def edit_meeting_schedule(request, num=None, owner=None, name=None):
                         timeslot=old_timeslot,
                     )
 
-                existing_assignments.update(timeslot=timeslot, modified=datetime.datetime.now())
+                existing_assignments.update(timeslot=timeslot, modified=timezone.now())
             else:
                 SchedTimeSessAssignment.objects.create(
                     session=session,
@@ -1151,7 +1155,7 @@ def edit_meeting_timeslots_and_misc_sessions(request, num=None, owner=None, name
                 meeting=meeting,
                 type=c['type'],
                 name=c['name'],
-                time=datetime.datetime.combine(c['day'], c['time']),
+                time=meeting.tz().localize(datetime.datetime.combine(c['day'], c['time'])),
                 duration=c['duration'],
                 location=c['location'],
                 show_location=c['show_location'],
@@ -1200,7 +1204,7 @@ def edit_meeting_timeslots_and_misc_sessions(request, num=None, owner=None, name
 
             timeslot.type = c['type']
             timeslot.name = c['name']
-            timeslot.time = datetime.datetime.combine(c['day'], c['time'])
+            timeslot.time = meeting.tz().localize(datetime.datetime.combine(c['day'], c['time']))
             timeslot.duration = c['duration']
             timeslot.location = c['location']
             timeslot.show_location = c['show_location']
@@ -1287,8 +1291,9 @@ def edit_meeting_timeslots_and_misc_sessions(request, num=None, owner=None, name
     for t in timeslot_qs:
         timeslots_by_day_and_room[(t.time.date(), t.location_id)].append(t)
 
-    min_time = min([t.time.time() for t in timeslot_qs] + [datetime.time(8)])
-    max_time = max([t.end_time().time() for t in timeslot_qs] + [datetime.time(22)])
+    # Calculate full time range for display in meeting-local time, always showing at least 8am to 10pm
+    min_time = min([t.local_start_time().time() for t in timeslot_qs] + [datetime.time(8)])
+    max_time = max([t.local_end_time().time() for t in timeslot_qs] + [datetime.time(22)])
     min_max_delta = datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, max_time) - datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, min_time)
 
     day_grid = []
@@ -1310,7 +1315,14 @@ def edit_meeting_timeslots_and_misc_sessions(request, num=None, owner=None, name
                     if s:
                         t.assigned_sessions.append(s)
 
-                t.left_offset = 100.0 * (t.time - datetime.datetime.combine(t.time.date(), min_time)) / min_max_delta
+                local_start_dt = t.local_start_time()
+                local_min_dt = local_start_dt.replace(
+                    hour=min_time.hour,
+                    minute=min_time.minute,
+                    second=min_time.second,
+                    microsecond=min_time.microsecond,
+                )
+                t.left_offset = 100.0 * (local_start_dt - local_min_dt) / min_max_delta
                 t.layout_width = min(100.0 * t.duration / min_max_delta, 100 - t.left_offset)
                 ts.append(t)
 
@@ -1553,19 +1565,29 @@ def agenda(request, num=None, name=None, base=None, ext=None, owner=None, utc=""
 
     is_current_meeting = (num is None) or (num == get_current_ietf_meeting_num())
 
-    rendered_page = render(request, "meeting/"+base+ext, {
-        "personalize": False,
-        "schedule": schedule,
-        "filtered_assignments": filtered_assignments,
-        "updated": updated,
-        "filter_categories": filter_organizer.get_filter_categories(),
-        "non_area_keywords": filter_organizer.get_non_area_keywords(),
-        "now": datetime.datetime.now().astimezone(pytz.UTC),
-        "timezone": meeting.time_zone,
-        "is_current_meeting": is_current_meeting,
-        "use_codimd": True if meeting.date>=settings.MEETING_USES_CODIMD_DATE else False,
-        "cache_time": 150 if is_current_meeting else 3600,
-    }, content_type=mimetype[ext])
+    display_timezone = 'UTC' if utc else meeting.time_zone
+    timezone.activate(display_timezone)
+    try:
+        rendered_page = render(
+            request,
+            "meeting/" + base + ext,
+            {
+                "personalize": False,
+                "schedule": schedule,
+                "filtered_assignments": filtered_assignments,
+                "updated": updated,
+                "filter_categories": filter_organizer.get_filter_categories(),
+                "non_area_keywords": filter_organizer.get_non_area_keywords(),
+                "now": timezone.now().astimezone(pytz.utc),
+                "display_timezone": display_timezone,
+                "is_current_meeting": is_current_meeting,
+                "use_codimd": True if meeting.date>=settings.MEETING_USES_CODIMD_DATE else False,
+                "cache_time": 150 if is_current_meeting else 3600,
+            },
+            content_type=mimetype[ext],
+        )
+    finally:
+        timezone.deactivate()
 
     return rendered_page
 
@@ -1917,7 +1939,7 @@ def agenda_personalize(request, num):
             'filtered_assignments': filtered_assignments,
             'filter_categories': filter_organizer.get_filter_categories(),
             'non_area_labels': filter_organizer.get_non_area_keywords(),
-            'timezone': meeting.time_zone,
+            'display_timezone': meeting.time_zone,
             'is_current_meeting': is_current_meeting,
             'cache_time': 150 if is_current_meeting else 3600,
         }
@@ -2305,16 +2327,14 @@ def agenda_json(request, num=None):
     meetinfo.sort(key=lambda x: x['modified'],reverse=True)
     last_modified = meetinfo and meetinfo[0]['modified']
 
-    tz = pytz.timezone(settings.PRODUCTION_TIMEZONE)
-
     for obj in meetinfo:
-        obj['modified'] = tz.localize(obj['modified']).astimezone(pytz.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')
+        obj['modified'] = obj['modified'].astimezone(pytz.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')
 
     data = {"%s"%num: meetinfo}
 
     response = HttpResponse(json.dumps(data, indent=2, sort_keys=True), content_type='application/json;charset=%s'%settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET)
     if last_modified:
-        last_modified = tz.localize(last_modified).astimezone(pytz.utc)
+        last_modified = last_modified.astimezone(pytz.utc)
         response['Last-Modified'] = format_date_time(timegm(last_modified.timetuple()))
     return response
 
@@ -2386,7 +2406,9 @@ def session_details(request, num, acronym):
 
     # Find the time of the meeting, so that we can look back historically 
     # for what the group was called at the time. 
-    meeting_time = datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, datetime.time()) 
+    meeting_time = meeting.tz().localize(
+        datetime.datetime.combine(meeting.date, datetime.time())
+    )
 
     groups = list(set([ s.group for s in sessions ]))
     group_replacements = find_history_replacements_active_at(groups, meeting_time) 
@@ -2453,8 +2475,8 @@ def session_details(request, num, acronym):
                     'is_materials_manager' : session.group.has_role(request.user, session.group.features.matman_roles),
                     'can_manage_materials' : can_manage,
                     'can_view_request': can_view_request,
-                    'thisweek': datetime.date.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=7),
-                    'now': datetime.datetime.now(),
+                    'thisweek': datetime_today()-datetime.timedelta(days=7),
+                    'now': timezone.now(),
                     'use_codimd': True if meeting.date>=settings.MEETING_USES_CODIMD_DATE else False,
                   })
 
@@ -3542,7 +3564,7 @@ def interim_request_edit(request, number):
 @cache_page(60*60)
 def past(request):
     '''List of past meetings'''
-    today = datetime.datetime.today()
+    today = timezone.now()
 
     meetings = data_for_meetings_overview(Meeting.objects.filter(date__lte=today).order_by('-date'))
 
@@ -3552,7 +3574,7 @@ def past(request):
 
 def upcoming(request):
     '''List of upcoming meetings'''
-    today = datetime.date.today()
+    today = datetime_today()
 
     # Get ietf meetings starting 7 days ago, and interim meetings starting today
     ietf_meetings = Meeting.objects.filter(type_id='ietf', date__gte=today-datetime.timedelta(days=7))
@@ -3615,8 +3637,8 @@ def upcoming(request):
                   'menu_actions': actions,
                   'menu_entries': menu_entries,
                   'selected_menu_entry': selected_menu_entry,
-                  'now': datetime.datetime.now(),
-                  'use_codimd': True if datetime.date.today()>=settings.MEETING_USES_CODIMD_DATE else False,
+                  'now': timezone.now(),
+                  'use_codimd': (date_today() >= settings.MEETING_USES_CODIMD_DATE),
                   })
 
 
@@ -3630,7 +3652,7 @@ def upcoming_ical(request):
     except ValueError as e:
         return HttpResponseBadRequest(str(e))
         
-    today = datetime.date.today()
+    today = datetime_today()
 
     # get meetings starting 7 days ago -- we'll filter out sessions in the past further down
     meetings = data_for_meetings_overview(Meeting.objects.filter(date__gte=today-datetime.timedelta(days=7)).prefetch_related('schedule').order_by('date'))
@@ -3662,9 +3684,12 @@ def upcoming_ical(request):
     ietfs = [m for m in meetings if m.type_id == 'ietf']
     preprocess_meeting_important_dates(ietfs)
 
+    meeting_vtz = {meeting.vtimezone() for meeting in meetings}
+    meeting_vtz.discard(None)
+
     # icalendar response file should have '\r\n' line endings per RFC5545
     response = render_to_string('meeting/upcoming.ics', {
-        'vtimezones': ''.join(sorted(list({meeting.vtimezone() for meeting in meetings if meeting.vtimezone()}))),
+        'vtimezones': ''.join(sorted(meeting_vtz)),
         'assignments': assignments,
         'ietfs': ietfs,
     }, request=request)
@@ -3677,7 +3702,7 @@ def upcoming_ical(request):
 
 def upcoming_json(request):
     '''Return Upcoming meetings in json format'''
-    today = datetime.date.today()
+    today = datetime_today()
 
     # get meetings starting 7 days ago -- we'll filter out sessions in the past further down
     meetings = data_for_meetings_overview(Meeting.objects.filter(date__gte=today-datetime.timedelta(days=7)).order_by('date'))
@@ -3726,7 +3751,7 @@ def proceedings(request, num=None):
     begin_date = meeting.get_submission_start_date()
     cut_off_date = meeting.get_submission_cut_off_date()
     cor_cut_off_date = meeting.get_submission_correction_date()
-    now = datetime.date.today()
+    now = date_today()
 
     schedule = get_schedule(meeting, None)
     sessions  = add_event_info_to_session_qs(
@@ -4023,7 +4048,7 @@ def important_dates(request, num=None, output_format=None):
     base_num = int(meeting.number)
 
     user = request.user
-    today = datetime.date.today()
+    today = datetime_today()
     meetings = []
     if meeting.show_important_dates or meeting.date < today:
         meetings.append(meeting)
@@ -4075,23 +4100,27 @@ def edit_timeslot(request, num, slot_id):
     meeting = get_object_or_404(Meeting, number=num)
     if timeslot.meeting != meeting:
         raise Http404()
-    if request.method == 'POST':
-        form = TimeSlotEditForm(instance=timeslot, data=request.POST)
-        if form.is_valid():
-            form.save()
-            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('ietf.meeting.views.edit_timeslots', kwargs={'num': num}))
-    else:
-        form = TimeSlotEditForm(instance=timeslot)
+    timezone.activate(meeting.tz())  # specifies current_timezone used for rendering and form handling
+    try:
+        if request.method == 'POST':
+            form = TimeSlotEditForm(instance=timeslot, data=request.POST)
+            if form.is_valid():
+                form.save()
+                return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('ietf.meeting.views.edit_timeslots', kwargs={'num': num}))
+        else:
+            form = TimeSlotEditForm(instance=timeslot)
 
-    sessions = timeslot.sessions.filter(
-        timeslotassignments__schedule__in=[meeting.schedule, meeting.schedule.base if meeting.schedule else None])
+        sessions = timeslot.sessions.filter(
+            timeslotassignments__schedule__in=[meeting.schedule, meeting.schedule.base if meeting.schedule else None])
 
-    return render(
-        request,
-        'meeting/edit_timeslot.html',
-        {'timeslot': timeslot, 'form': form, 'sessions': sessions},
-        status=400 if form.errors else 200,
-    )
+        return render(
+            request,
+            'meeting/edit_timeslot.html',
+            {'timeslot': timeslot, 'form': form, 'sessions': sessions},
+            status=400 if form.errors else 200,
+        )
+    finally:
+        timezone.deactivate()
 
 
 @role_required('Secretariat')
@@ -4102,7 +4131,7 @@ def create_timeslot(request, num):
         if form.is_valid():
             bulk_create_timeslots(
                 meeting,
-                [datetime.datetime.combine(day, form.cleaned_data['time'])
+                [meeting.tz().localize(datetime.datetime.combine(day, form.cleaned_data['time']))
                  for day in form.cleaned_data.get('days', [])],
                 form.cleaned_data['locations'],
                 dict(
diff --git a/ietf/message/management/commands/show_messages.py b/ietf/message/management/commands/show_messages.py
index b232da481..8741b2129 100644
--- a/ietf/message/management/commands/show_messages.py
+++ b/ietf/message/management/commands/show_messages.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import email
 import datetime
 
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
     """
 
     def add_arguments(self, parser):
-        default_start = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=14)
+        default_start = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=14)
         parser.add_argument(
             '-t', '--start', '--from', type=str, default=default_start.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M'),
             help='Limit the list to messages saved after the given time (default %(default)s).',
diff --git a/ietf/message/migrations/0012_use_timezone_now_for_message_models.py b/ietf/message/migrations/0012_use_timezone_now_for_message_models.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dbef893ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ietf/message/migrations/0012_use_timezone_now_for_message_models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Generated by Django 2.2.28 on 2022-07-12 11:24
+
+from django.db import migrations, models
+import django.utils.timezone
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ('message', '0011_auto_20201109_0439'),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='message',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now),
+        ),
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='sendqueue',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now),
+        ),
+    ]
diff --git a/ietf/message/models.py b/ietf/message/models.py
index 01162a4b6..fe2c8d325 100644
--- a/ietf/message/models.py
+++ b/ietf/message/models.py
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 
-import datetime
 import email.utils
 
 from django.db import models
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from ietf.utils.models import ForeignKey
 from ietf.utils.mail import get_email_addresses_from_text
 
 class Message(models.Model):
-    time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
+    time = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
     by = ForeignKey(Person)
 
     subject = models.CharField(max_length=255)
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class MessageAttachment(models.Model):
 
 
 class SendQueue(models.Model):
-    time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
+    time = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
     by = ForeignKey(Person)
     
     message = ForeignKey(Message)
diff --git a/ietf/message/tests.py b/ietf/message/tests.py
index 4ab790699..c1f22b3d0 100644
--- a/ietf/message/tests.py
+++ b/ietf/message/tests.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import datetime
 
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ class SendScheduledAnnouncementsTests(TestCase):
         q = SendQueue.objects.create(
             by=Person.objects.get(name="(System)"),
             message=msg,
-            send_at=datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=12)
+            send_at=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=12)
             )
 
         mailbox_before = len(outbox)
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ class SendScheduledAnnouncementsTests(TestCase):
         q = SendQueue.objects.create(
             by=Person.objects.get(name="(System)"),
             message=msg,
-            send_at=datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=12)
+            send_at=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=12)
             )
         
         mailbox_before = len(outbox)
diff --git a/ietf/message/utils.py b/ietf/message/utils.py
index 65c018a39..2601eccab 100644
--- a/ietf/message/utils.py
+++ b/ietf/message/utils.py
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 
-import re, datetime, email
+import re, email
 
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import force_str
 
 from ietf.utils.mail import send_mail_text, send_mail_mime
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ def send_scheduled_message_from_send_queue(queue_item):
         send_mail_mime(None, message.to, message.frm, message.subject,
                        msg, cc=message.cc, bcc=message.bcc)
 
-    queue_item.sent_at = datetime.datetime.now()
+    queue_item.sent_at = timezone.now()
     queue_item.save()
 
     queue_item.message.sent = queue_item.sent_at
diff --git a/ietf/name/fixtures/names.json b/ietf/name/fixtures/names.json
index 41f7fec62..604b11cb2 100644
--- a/ietf/name/fixtures/names.json
+++ b/ietf/name/fixtures/names.json
@@ -15998,7 +15998,7 @@
     "fields": {
       "command": "xym",
       "switch": "--version",
-      "time": "2022-07-13T00:09:29.108",
+      "time": "2022-07-13T00:09:29.108Z",
       "used": true,
       "version": "xym 0.5"
     },
@@ -16009,7 +16009,7 @@
     "fields": {
       "command": "pyang",
       "switch": "--version",
-      "time": "2022-07-13T00:09:29.475",
+      "time": "2022-07-13T00:09:29.475Z",
       "used": true,
       "version": "pyang 2.5.3"
     },
@@ -16020,7 +16020,7 @@
     "fields": {
       "command": "yanglint",
       "switch": "--version",
-      "time": "2022-07-13T00:09:29.497",
+      "time": "2022-07-13T00:09:29.497Z",
       "used": true,
       "version": "yanglint SO 1.9.2"
     },
@@ -16031,7 +16031,7 @@
     "fields": {
       "command": "xml2rfc",
       "switch": "--version",
-      "time": "2022-07-13T00:09:30.513",
+      "time": "2022-07-13T00:09:30.513Z",
       "used": true,
       "version": "xml2rfc 3.13.0"
     },
diff --git a/ietf/nomcom/tests.py b/ietf/nomcom/tests.py
index fbf06c279..5c52fb465 100644
--- a/ietf/nomcom/tests.py
+++ b/ietf/nomcom/tests.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.files import File
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.urls import reverse
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import force_str
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
@@ -49,6 +50,8 @@ from ietf.stats.models import MeetingRegistration
 from ietf.stats.factories import MeetingRegistrationFactory
 from ietf.utils.mail import outbox, empty_outbox, get_payload_text
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import login_testing_unauthorized, TestCase, unicontent
+from ietf.utils.timezone import datetime_today, datetime_from_date, DEADLINE_TZINFO
+
 
 client_test_cert_files = None
 
@@ -1091,7 +1094,7 @@ class ReminderTest(TestCase):
         rai = Position.objects.get(nomcom=self.nomcom,name='RAI')
         iab = Position.objects.get(nomcom=self.nomcom,name='IAB')
 
-        today = datetime.date.today()
+        today = datetime_today()
         t_minus_3 = today - datetime.timedelta(days=3)
         t_minus_4 = today - datetime.timedelta(days=4)
         e1 = EmailFactory(address="nominee1@example.org", person=PersonFactory(name="Nominee 1"), origin='test')
@@ -1389,7 +1392,7 @@ class FeedbackLastSeenTests(TestCase):
             f.nominees.add(self.nominee)
         f = FeedbackFactory.create(author=self.author,nomcom=self.nc,type_id='comment')
         f.topics.add(self.topic)
-        now = datetime.datetime.now() 
+        now = timezone.now() 
         self.hour_ago = now - datetime.timedelta(hours=1)
         self.half_hour_ago = now - datetime.timedelta(minutes=30)
         self.second_from_now = now + datetime.timedelta(seconds=1)
@@ -2417,7 +2420,8 @@ class rfc8989EligibilityTests(TestCase):
 
         nobody=PersonFactory()
         for nomcom in self.nomcoms:
-            before_elig_date = nomcom.first_call_for_volunteers - datetime.timedelta(days=5)
+            elig_datetime = datetime_from_date(nomcom.first_call_for_volunteers, DEADLINE_TZINFO)
+            before_elig_date = elig_datetime - datetime.timedelta(days=5)
 
             chair = RoleFactory(name_id='chair',group__time=before_elig_date).person
 
@@ -2435,7 +2439,7 @@ class rfc8989EligibilityTests(TestCase):
     def test_elig_by_office_edge(self):
 
         for nomcom in self.nomcoms:
-            elig_date=get_eligibility_date(nomcom)
+            elig_date = datetime_from_date(get_eligibility_date(nomcom), DEADLINE_TZINFO)
             day_after = elig_date + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
             two_days_after = elig_date + datetime.timedelta(days=2)
 
@@ -2450,15 +2454,15 @@ class rfc8989EligibilityTests(TestCase):
     def test_elig_by_office_closed_groups(self):
 
         for nomcom in self.nomcoms:
-            elig_date=get_eligibility_date(nomcom)
+            elig_date=datetime_from_date(get_eligibility_date(nomcom), DEADLINE_TZINFO)
             day_before = elig_date-datetime.timedelta(days=1)
             # special case for Feb 29
             if elig_date.month == 2 and elig_date.day == 29:
-                year_before = datetime.date(elig_date.year - 1, 2, 28)
-                three_years_before = datetime.date(elig_date.year - 3, 2, 28)
+                year_before = elig_date.replace(year=elig_date.year - 1, day=28)
+                three_years_before = elig_date.replace(year=elig_date.year - 3, day=28)
             else:
-                year_before = datetime.date(elig_date.year - 1, elig_date.month, elig_date.day)
-                three_years_before = datetime.date(elig_date.year - 3, elig_date.month, elig_date.day)
+                year_before = elig_date.replace(year=elig_date.year - 1)
+                three_years_before = elig_date.replace(year=elig_date.year - 3)
             just_after_three_years_before = three_years_before + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
             just_before_three_years_before = three_years_before - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
 
@@ -2517,14 +2521,14 @@ class rfc8989EligibilityTests(TestCase):
         for nomcom in self.nomcoms:
             elig_date = get_eligibility_date(nomcom)
 
-            last_date = elig_date
+            last_date = datetime_from_date(elig_date, DEADLINE_TZINFO)
             # special case for Feb 29
             if last_date.month == 2 and last_date.day == 29:
-                first_date = datetime.date(last_date.year - 5, 2, 28)
-                middle_date = datetime.date(last_date.year - 3, 2, 28)
+                first_date = last_date.replace(year = last_date.year - 5, day=28)
+                middle_date = last_date.replace(year=first_date.year - 3, day=28)
             else:
-                first_date = datetime.date(last_date.year - 5, last_date.month, last_date.day)
-                middle_date = datetime.date(last_date.year - 3, last_date.month, last_date.day)
+                first_date = last_date.replace(year=last_date.year - 5)
+                middle_date = last_date.replace(year=first_date.year - 3)
             day_after_last_date = last_date+datetime.timedelta(days=1)
             day_before_first_date = first_date-datetime.timedelta(days=1)
 
@@ -2664,7 +2668,7 @@ class VolunteerDecoratorUnitTests(TestCase):
         office_person = PersonFactory()
         RoleHistoryFactory(
             name_id='chair',
-            group__time= elig_date - datetime.timedelta(days=365),
+            group__time=datetime_from_date(elig_date) - datetime.timedelta(days=365),
             group__group__state_id='conclude',
             person=office_person,
         )
@@ -2676,11 +2680,13 @@ class VolunteerDecoratorUnitTests(TestCase):
             DocEventFactory(
                 type='published_rfc',
                 doc=da.document,
-                time=datetime.date(
+                time=datetime.datetime(
                     elig_date.year - 3,
                     elig_date.month,
                     28 if elig_date.month == 2 and elig_date.day == 29 else elig_date.day,
-                ))
+                    tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc,
+                )
+            )
         nomcom.volunteer_set.create(person=author_person)
 
         volunteers = nomcom.volunteer_set.all()
diff --git a/ietf/nomcom/utils.py b/ietf/nomcom/utils.py
index f9066143b..6fc7dd454 100644
--- a/ietf/nomcom/utils.py
+++ b/ietf/nomcom/utils.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ from ietf.utils.pipe import pipe
 from ietf.utils.mail import send_mail_text, send_mail, get_payload_text
 from ietf.utils.log import log
 from ietf.person.name import unidecode_name
+from ietf.utils.timezone import datetime_from_date, datetime_today, DEADLINE_TZINFO
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -536,34 +537,35 @@ def get_8989_eligibility_querysets(date, base_qs):
         base_qs = Person.objects.all()
 
     previous_five = previous_five_meetings(date)
+    date_as_dt = datetime_from_date(date, DEADLINE_TZINFO)
     three_of_five_qs = new_three_of_five_eligible(previous_five=previous_five, queryset=base_qs)
 
     # If date is Feb 29, neither 3 nor 5 years ago has a Feb 29. Use Feb 28 instead.
     if date.month == 2 and date.day == 29:
-        three_years_ago = datetime.date(date.year - 3, 2, 28)
-        five_years_ago = datetime.date(date.year - 5, 2, 28)
+        three_years_ago = datetime.datetime(date.year - 3, 2, 28, tzinfo=DEADLINE_TZINFO)
+        five_years_ago = datetime.datetime(date.year - 5, 2, 28, tzinfo=DEADLINE_TZINFO)
     else:
-        three_years_ago = datetime.date(date.year - 3, date.month, date.day)
-        five_years_ago = datetime.date(date.year - 5, date.month, date.day)
+        three_years_ago = datetime.datetime(date.year - 3, date.month, date.day, tzinfo=DEADLINE_TZINFO)
+        five_years_ago = datetime.datetime(date.year - 5, date.month, date.day, tzinfo=DEADLINE_TZINFO)
 
     officer_qs = base_qs.filter(
         # is currently an officer
         Q(role__name_id__in=('chair','secr'),
           role__group__state_id='active',
           role__group__type_id='wg',
-          role__group__time__lte=date,
+          role__group__time__lte=date_as_dt,
         )
         # was an officer since the given date (I think this is wrong - it looks at when roles _start_, not when roles end)
       | Q(rolehistory__group__time__gte=three_years_ago,
-          rolehistory__group__time__lte=date,
+          rolehistory__group__time__lte=date_as_dt,
           rolehistory__name_id__in=('chair','secr'),
           rolehistory__group__state_id='active',
           rolehistory__group__type_id='wg',
          )
     ).distinct()
 
-    rfc_pks = set(DocEvent.objects.filter(type='published_rfc',time__gte=five_years_ago,time__lte=date).values_list('doc__pk',flat=True))
-    iesgappr_pks = set(DocEvent.objects.filter(type='iesg_approved',time__gte=five_years_ago,time__lte=date).values_list('doc__pk',flat=True))
+    rfc_pks = set(DocEvent.objects.filter(type='published_rfc', time__gte=five_years_ago, time__lte=date_as_dt).values_list('doc__pk', flat=True))
+    iesgappr_pks = set(DocEvent.objects.filter(type='iesg_approved', time__gte=five_years_ago, time__lte=date_as_dt).values_list('doc__pk',flat=True))
     qualifying_pks = rfc_pks.union(iesgappr_pks.difference(rfc_pks))
     author_qs = base_qs.filter(
             documentauthor__document__pk__in=qualifying_pks
@@ -604,7 +606,7 @@ def get_eligibility_date(nomcom=None, date=None):
             else:
                 return datetime.date(next_nomcom_year,5,1)
         else:
-            return datetime.date(datetime.date.today().year,5,1)
+            return datetime.date(datetime_today().year,5,1)
 
 def previous_five_meetings(date = None):
     if date is None:
diff --git a/ietf/nomcom/views.py b/ietf/nomcom/views.py
index 5448c1a3b..fc3b0fb61 100644
--- a/ietf/nomcom/views.py
+++ b/ietf/nomcom/views.py
@@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ def view_feedback_topic(request, year, topic_id):
     feedback_types = FeedbackTypeName.objects.filter(slug__in=['comment',])
 
     last_seen = TopicFeedbackLastSeen.objects.filter(reviewer=request.user.person,topic=topic).first()
-    last_seen_time = (last_seen and last_seen.time) or datetime.datetime(year=1,month=1,day=1)
+    last_seen_time = (last_seen and last_seen.time) or datetime.datetime(year=1, month=1, day=1, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
     if last_seen:
         last_seen.save()
     else:
@@ -973,7 +973,7 @@ def view_feedback_nominee(request, year, nominee_id):
     feedback_types = FeedbackTypeName.objects.filter(slug__in=settings.NOMINEE_FEEDBACK_TYPES)
 
     last_seen = FeedbackLastSeen.objects.filter(reviewer=request.user.person,nominee=nominee).first()
-    last_seen_time = (last_seen and last_seen.time) or datetime.datetime(year=1,month=1,day=1)
+    last_seen_time = (last_seen and last_seen.time) or datetime.datetime(year=1, month=1, day=1, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
     if last_seen:
         last_seen.save()
     else:
diff --git a/ietf/person/management/commands/purge_old_personal_api_key_events.py b/ietf/person/management/commands/purge_old_personal_api_key_events.py
index e60f784b5..47674e2d5 100644
--- a/ietf/person/management/commands/purge_old_personal_api_key_events.py
+++ b/ietf/person/management/commands/purge_old_personal_api_key_events.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 # Copyright The IETF Trust 2021, All Rights Reserved
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from datetime import timedelta
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
 from django.db.models import Max, Min
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 from ietf.person.models import PersonApiKeyEvent
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
         self.stdout.write('Finding events older than {}\n'.format(_format_count(keep_days)))
         self.stdout.flush()
 
-        now = datetime.now()
+        now = timezone.now()
         old_events = PersonApiKeyEvent.objects.filter(
             time__lt=now - timedelta(days=keep_days)
         )
diff --git a/ietf/person/management/commands/tests.py b/ietf/person/management/commands/tests.py
index f30a80bf5..291a6ace5 100644
--- a/ietf/person/management/commands/tests.py
+++ b/ietf/person/management/commands/tests.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import datetime
 from io import StringIO
 
 from django.core.management import call_command, CommandError
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 from ietf.person.factories import PersonApiKeyEventFactory
 from ietf.person.models import PersonApiKeyEvent, PersonEvent
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ class CommandTests(TestCase):
         # Remember how many PersonEvents were present so we can verify they're cleaned up properly.
         personevents_before = PersonEvent.objects.count()
 
-        now = datetime.datetime.now()
+        now = timezone.now()
         # The first of these events will be timestamped a fraction of a second more than keep_days
         # days ago by the time we call the management command, so will just barely chosen for purge.
         old_events = [
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ class CommandTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_purge_old_personal_api_key_events_rejects_invalid_arguments(self):
         """The purge_old_personal_api_key_events command should reject invalid arguments"""
-        event = PersonApiKeyEventFactory(time=datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=30))
+        event = PersonApiKeyEventFactory(time=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=30))
 
         with self.assertRaises(CommandError):
             self._call_command('purge_old_personal_api_key_events')
diff --git a/ietf/person/migrations/0025_use_timezone_now_for_person_models.py b/ietf/person/migrations/0025_use_timezone_now_for_person_models.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22dee042c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ietf/person/migrations/0025_use_timezone_now_for_person_models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Generated by Django 2.2.28 on 2022-07-12 11:24
+
+from django.db import migrations, models
+import django.utils.timezone
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ('person', '0024_pronouns'),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='historicalperson',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now),
+        ),
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='person',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now),
+        ),
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='personalapikey',
+            name='created',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now),
+        ),
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='personevent',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now, help_text='When the event happened'),
+        ),
+    ]
diff --git a/ietf/person/models.py b/ietf/person/models.py
index 143b8dd08..7fff66d9a 100644
--- a/ietf/person/models.py
+++ b/ietf/person/models.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 
-import datetime
 import email.utils
 import email.header
 import jsonfield
@@ -18,6 +17,7 @@ from django.core.validators import validate_email
 from django.db import models
 from django.template.loader import render_to_string
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import smart_bytes
 from django.utils.text import slugify
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ from ietf.utils.models import ForeignKey, OneToOneField
 class Person(models.Model):
     history = HistoricalRecords()
     user = OneToOneField(User, blank=True, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
-    time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)      # When this Person record entered the system
+    time = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)      # When this Person record entered the system
     # The normal unicode form of the name.  This must be
     # set to the same value as the ascii-form if equal.
     name = models.CharField("Full Name (Unicode)", max_length=255, db_index=True, help_text="Preferred long form of name.")
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ PERSON_API_KEY_ENDPOINTS = sorted(list(set([ (v, n) for (v, n, r) in PERSON_API_
 class PersonalApiKey(models.Model):
     person   = ForeignKey(Person, related_name='apikeys')
     endpoint = models.CharField(max_length=128, null=False, blank=False, choices=PERSON_API_KEY_ENDPOINTS)
-    created  = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now, null=False)
+    created  = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now, null=False)
     valid    = models.BooleanField(default=True)
     salt     = models.BinaryField(default=salt, max_length=12, null=False, blank=False)
     count    = models.IntegerField(default=0, null=False, blank=False)
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ PERSON_EVENT_CHOICES = [
 
 class PersonEvent(models.Model):
     person = ForeignKey(Person)
-    time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now, help_text="When the event happened")
+    time = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now, help_text="When the event happened")
     type = models.CharField(max_length=50, choices=PERSON_EVENT_CHOICES)
     desc = models.TextField()
 
diff --git a/ietf/person/tests.py b/ietf/person/tests.py
index 59228a795..16bcdf6da 100644
--- a/ietf/person/tests.py
+++ b/ietf/person/tests.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from pyquery import PyQuery
 from django.http import HttpRequest
 from django.test import override_settings
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import iri_to_uri
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ class PersonUtilsTests(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(results,(p1,p3))
 
         # both have User
-        today = datetime.datetime.today()
+        today = timezone.now()
         p2.user.last_login = today
         p2.user.save()
         p4.user.last_login = today - datetime.timedelta(days=30)
diff --git a/ietf/review/factories.py b/ietf/review/factories.py
index cf66f1ed8..d6780fad8 100644
--- a/ietf/review/factories.py
+++ b/ietf/review/factories.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 import factory
 import datetime
 
+from django.utils import timezone
+
 from ietf.review.models import ReviewTeamSettings, ReviewRequest, ReviewAssignment, ReviewerSettings
 from ietf.name.models import ReviewTypeName, ReviewResultName
 
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ class ReviewRequestFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory):
     type_id = 'lc'
     doc = factory.SubFactory('ietf.doc.factories.DocumentFactory',type_id='draft')
     team = factory.SubFactory('ietf.group.factories.ReviewTeamFactory',type_id='review')
-    deadline = datetime.datetime.today()+datetime.timedelta(days=14)
+    deadline = timezone.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=14)
     requested_by = factory.SubFactory('ietf.person.factories.PersonFactory')
 
 class ReviewAssignmentFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory):
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ class ReviewAssignmentFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory):
     review_request = factory.SubFactory('ietf.review.factories.ReviewRequestFactory')
     state_id = 'assigned'
     reviewer = factory.SubFactory('ietf.person.factories.EmailFactory')
-    assigned_on = datetime.datetime.now()
+    assigned_on = timezone.now()
 
 class ReviewerSettingsFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory):
     class Meta:
diff --git a/ietf/review/migrations/0029_use_timezone_now_for_review_models.py b/ietf/review/migrations/0029_use_timezone_now_for_review_models.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a8a0558d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ietf/review/migrations/0029_use_timezone_now_for_review_models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Generated by Django 2.2.28 on 2022-07-12 11:24
+
+from django.db import migrations, models
+import django.utils.timezone
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ('review', '0028_auto_20220513_1456'),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='historicalreviewrequest',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now),
+        ),
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='reviewrequest',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now),
+        ),
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='reviewwish',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now),
+        ),
+    ]
diff --git a/ietf/review/models.py b/ietf/review/models.py
index 96355417d..0ec367819 100644
--- a/ietf/review/models.py
+++ b/ietf/review/models.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import datetime
 from simple_history.models import HistoricalRecords
 
 from django.db import models
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ class UnavailablePeriod(models.Model):
 
 class ReviewWish(models.Model):
     """Reviewer wishes to review a document when it becomes available for review."""
-    time        = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
+    time        = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
     team        = ForeignKey(Group, limit_choices_to=~models.Q(reviewteamsettings=None))
     person      = ForeignKey(Person)
     doc         = ForeignKey(Document)
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ class ReviewRequest(models.Model):
 
     # Fields filled in on the initial record creation - these
     # constitute the request part.
-    time          = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
+    time          = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
     type          = ForeignKey(ReviewTypeName)
     doc           = ForeignKey(Document, related_name='reviewrequest_set')
     team          = ForeignKey(Group, limit_choices_to=~models.Q(reviewteamsettings=None))
diff --git a/ietf/review/tests.py b/ietf/review/tests.py
index 1ecdb4040..260a8646d 100644
--- a/ietf/review/tests.py
+++ b/ietf/review/tests.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import datetime
 from ietf.group.factories import RoleFactory
 from ietf.utils.mail import empty_outbox, get_payload_text, outbox
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import TestCase, reload_db_objects
+from ietf.utils.timezone import datetime_from_date
 from .factories import ReviewAssignmentFactory, ReviewRequestFactory, ReviewerSettingsFactory
 from .mailarch import hash_list_message_id
 from .models import ReviewerSettings, ReviewSecretarySettings, ReviewTeamSettings, UnavailablePeriod
@@ -408,7 +409,7 @@ class ReviewAssignmentReminderTests(TestCase):
             review_request__state_id='assigned',
             review_request__deadline=self.deadline,
             state_id='assigned',
-            assigned_on=self.deadline,
+            assigned_on=datetime_from_date(self.deadline),
             reviewer=self.reviewer.email_set.first(),
         ).review_request.team
         second_team.reviewteamsettings.delete()  # prevent it from being sent reminders
@@ -420,7 +421,7 @@ class ReviewAssignmentReminderTests(TestCase):
             review_request__state_id='assigned',
             review_request__deadline=not_overdue,
             state_id='assigned',
-            assigned_on=not_overdue,
+            assigned_on=datetime_from_date(not_overdue),
             reviewer=self.reviewer.email_set.first(),
         )
         ReviewAssignmentFactory(
@@ -428,7 +429,7 @@ class ReviewAssignmentReminderTests(TestCase):
             review_request__state_id='assigned',
             review_request__deadline=not_overdue,
             state_id='assigned',
-            assigned_on=not_overdue,
+            assigned_on=datetime_from_date(not_overdue),
             reviewer=self.reviewer.email_set.first(),
         )
 
@@ -439,7 +440,7 @@ class ReviewAssignmentReminderTests(TestCase):
             review_request__state_id='assigned',
             review_request__deadline=in_grace_period,
             state_id='assigned',
-            assigned_on=in_grace_period,
+            assigned_on=datetime_from_date(in_grace_period),
             reviewer=self.reviewer.email_set.first(),
         )
         ReviewAssignmentFactory(
@@ -447,7 +448,7 @@ class ReviewAssignmentReminderTests(TestCase):
             review_request__state_id='assigned',
             review_request__deadline=in_grace_period,
             state_id='assigned',
-            assigned_on=in_grace_period,
+            assigned_on=datetime_from_date(in_grace_period),
             reviewer=self.reviewer.email_set.first(),
         )
 
diff --git a/ietf/review/utils.py b/ietf/review/utils.py
index 3fec1b84f..e8ed632f8 100644
--- a/ietf/review/utils.py
+++ b/ietf/review/utils.py
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ from django.template.defaultfilters import pluralize
 from django.template.loader import render_to_string
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
 from django.contrib.sites.models import Site
+from django.utils import timezone
+
 from simple_history.utils import update_change_reason
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
@@ -30,6 +32,8 @@ from ietf.review.models import (ReviewRequest, ReviewAssignment, ReviewRequestSt
 from ietf.utils.mail import send_mail
 from ietf.doc.utils import extract_complete_replaces_ancestor_mapping_for_docs
 from ietf.utils import log
+from ietf.utils.timezone import datetime_today, DEADLINE_TZINFO
+
 
 # The origin date is used to have a single reference date for "every X days".
 # This date is arbitrarily chosen and has no special meaning, but should be consistent.
@@ -119,7 +123,7 @@ def days_needed_to_fulfill_min_interval_for_reviewers(team):
 
     min_intervals = dict(ReviewerSettings.objects.filter(team=team).values_list("person_id", "min_interval"))
 
-    now = datetime.datetime.now()
+    now = timezone.now()
 
     res = {}
     for person_id, latest_assignment_time in latest_assignments.items():
@@ -192,7 +196,10 @@ def extract_review_assignment_data(teams=None, reviewers=None, time_from=None, t
         assigned_time = assigned_on
         closed_time = completed_on
 
-        late_days = positive_days(datetime.datetime.combine(deadline, datetime.time.max), closed_time)
+        late_days = positive_days(
+            datetime.datetime.combine(deadline, datetime.time.max, tzinfo=DEADLINE_TZINFO),
+            closed_time,
+        )
         request_to_assignment_days = positive_days(requested_time, assigned_time)
         assignment_to_closure_days = positive_days(assigned_time, closed_time)
         request_to_closure_days = positive_days(requested_time, closed_time)
@@ -283,7 +290,7 @@ def latest_review_assignments_for_reviewers(team, days_back=365):
 
     extracted_data = extract_review_assignment_data(
         teams=[team],
-        time_from=datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=days_back),
+        time_from=datetime_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO) - datetime.timedelta(days=days_back),
         ordering=["reviewer"],
     )
 
@@ -495,7 +502,7 @@ def suggested_review_requests_for_team(team):
 
     requests = {}
 
-    now = datetime.datetime.now()
+    now = timezone.now()
 
     reviewable_docs_qs = Document.objects.filter(type="draft").exclude(stream="ise")
 
diff --git a/ietf/secr/meetings/tests.py b/ietf/secr/meetings/tests.py
index c6576a0cc..bf052abe4 100644
--- a/ietf/secr/meetings/tests.py
+++ b/ietf/secr/meetings/tests.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import debug         # pyflakes:ignore
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.urls import reverse
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 from ietf.group.models import Group, GroupEvent
 from ietf.meeting.factories import MeetingFactory
@@ -137,7 +138,10 @@ class SecrMeetingTestCase(TestCase):
         "Edit Meeting"
         meeting = make_meeting_test_data()
         url = reverse('ietf.secr.meetings.views.edit_meeting',kwargs={'meeting_id':meeting.number})
-        post_data = dict(number=meeting.number,date='2014-07-20',city='Toronto',
+        post_data = dict(number=meeting.number,
+                         date='2014-07-20',
+                         city='Toronto',
+                         time_zone='America/Toronto',
                          days=7,
                          idsubmit_cutoff_day_offset_00=13,
                          idsubmit_cutoff_day_offset_01=20,
@@ -212,8 +216,8 @@ class SecrMeetingTestCase(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(q('#id_notification_list').html(),'ames, mars')
 
         # test that only changes since last notification show up
-        now = datetime.datetime.now()
-        then = datetime.datetime.now()+datetime.timedelta(hours=1)
+        now = timezone.now()
+        then = timezone.now()+datetime.timedelta(hours=1)
         person = Person.objects.get(name="(System)")
         GroupEvent.objects.create(group=mars_group,time=now,type='sent_notification',
                                   by=person,desc='sent scheduled notification for %s' % meeting)
@@ -285,7 +289,7 @@ class SecrMeetingTestCase(TestCase):
         url = reverse('ietf.secr.meetings.views.times_delete',kwargs={
             'meeting_id':meeting.number,
             'schedule_name':meeting.schedule.name,
-            'time':qs.first().time.strftime("%Y:%m:%d:%H:%M")
+            'time':qs.first().time.astimezone(meeting.tz()).strftime("%Y:%m:%d:%H:%M")
         })
         redirect_url = reverse('ietf.secr.meetings.views.times',kwargs={
             'meeting_id':meeting.number,
@@ -305,7 +309,7 @@ class SecrMeetingTestCase(TestCase):
         url = reverse('ietf.secr.meetings.views.times_edit',kwargs={
             'meeting_id':72,
             'schedule_name':'test-schedule',
-            'time':timeslot.time.strftime("%Y:%m:%d:%H:%M")
+            'time':timeslot.time.astimezone(meeting.tz()).strftime("%Y:%m:%d:%H:%M")
         })
         self.client.login(username="secretary", password="secretary+password")
         response = self.client.post(url, {
@@ -371,7 +375,7 @@ class SecrMeetingTestCase(TestCase):
         timeslot = session.official_timeslotassignment().timeslot
         url = reverse('ietf.secr.meetings.views.misc_session_edit',kwargs={'meeting_id':72,'schedule_name':meeting.schedule.name,'slot_id':timeslot.pk})
         redirect_url = reverse('ietf.secr.meetings.views.misc_sessions',kwargs={'meeting_id':72,'schedule_name':'test-schedule'})
-        new_time = timeslot.time + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
+        new_time = (timeslot.time + datetime.timedelta(days=1)).astimezone(meeting.tz())
         self.client.login(username="secretary", password="secretary+password")
         response = self.client.get(url)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
@@ -389,7 +393,7 @@ class SecrMeetingTestCase(TestCase):
         })
         self.assertRedirects(response, redirect_url)
         timeslot = session.official_timeslotassignment().timeslot
-        self.assertEqual(timeslot.time,new_time)
+        self.assertEqual(timeslot.time, new_time)
 
     def test_meetings_misc_session_delete(self):
         meeting = make_meeting_test_data()
diff --git a/ietf/secr/meetings/views.py b/ietf/secr/meetings/views.py
index 7d6a227dc..bba4b9d8b 100644
--- a/ietf/secr/meetings/views.py
+++ b/ietf/secr/meetings/views.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from django.db.models import IntegerField
 from django.db.models.functions import Cast
 from django.forms.models import inlineformset_factory
 from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404, redirect
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.text import slugify
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ from ietf.secr.meetings.forms import ( BaseMeetingRoomFormSet, MeetingModelForm,
 from ietf.secr.sreq.views import get_initial_session
 from ietf.secr.utils.meeting import get_session, get_timeslot
 from ietf.mailtrigger.utils import gather_address_lists
+from ietf.utils.timezone import make_aware
 
 
 # prep for agenda changes
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ def send_notifications(meeting, groups, person):
     Send session scheduled email notifications for each group in groups.  Person is the
     user who initiated this action, request.uesr.get_profile().
     '''
-    now = datetime.datetime.now()
+    now = timezone.now()
     for group in groups:
         sessions = group.session_set.filter(meeting=meeting)
         addrs = gather_address_lists('session_scheduled',group=group,session=sessions[0])
@@ -341,7 +343,7 @@ def edit_meeting(request, meeting_id):
 
     else:
         form = MeetingModelForm(instance=meeting)
-
+    debug.show('form.errors')
     return render(request, 'meetings/edit_meeting.html', {
         'meeting': meeting,
         'form' : form, },
@@ -798,7 +800,8 @@ def get_timeslot_time(form, meeting):
     day = form.cleaned_data['day']
 
     date = meeting.date + datetime.timedelta(days=int(day))
-    return datetime.datetime(date.year,date.month,date.day,time.hour,time.minute)
+    return make_aware(datetime.datetime(date.year,date.month,date.day,time.hour,time.minute), meeting.tz())
+
 
 @role_required('Secretariat')
 def times_edit(request, meeting_id, schedule_name, time):
@@ -809,7 +812,7 @@ def times_edit(request, meeting_id, schedule_name, time):
     schedule = get_object_or_404(Schedule, meeting=meeting, name=schedule_name)
     
     parts = [ int(x) for x in time.split(':') ]
-    dtime = datetime.datetime(*parts)
+    dtime = make_aware(datetime.datetime(*parts), meeting.tz())
     timeslots = TimeSlot.objects.filter(meeting=meeting,time=dtime)
 
     if request.method == 'POST':
@@ -860,7 +863,7 @@ def times_delete(request, meeting_id, schedule_name, time):
     meeting = get_object_or_404(Meeting, number=meeting_id)
     
     parts = [ int(x) for x in time.split(':') ]
-    dtime = datetime.datetime(*parts)
+    dtime = make_aware(datetime.datetime(*parts), meeting.tz())
     status = SessionStatusName.objects.get(slug='schedw')
 
     if request.method == 'POST' and request.POST['post'] == 'yes':
diff --git a/ietf/secr/proceedings/proc_utils.py b/ietf/secr/proceedings/proc_utils.py
index 505bcdcc7..3961f907f 100644
--- a/ietf/secr/proceedings/proc_utils.py
+++ b/ietf/secr/proceedings/proc_utils.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ This module contains all the functions for generating static proceedings pages
 '''
 import datetime
 import os
+import pytz
 import re
 import subprocess
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ from ietf.meeting.models import Meeting, SessionPresentation, TimeSlot, SchedTim
 from ietf.person.models import Person
 from ietf.utils.log import log
 from ietf.utils.mail import send_mail
+from ietf.utils.timezone import make_aware
 
 AUDIO_FILE_RE = re.compile(r'ietf(?P<number>[\d]+)-(?P<room>.*)-(?P<time>[\d]{8}-[\d]{4})')
 VIDEO_TITLE_RE = re.compile(r'IETF(?P<number>[\d]+)-(?P<name>.*)-(?P<date>\d{8})-(?P<time>\d{4})')
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ VIDEO_TITLE_RE = re.compile(r'IETF(?P<number>[\d]+)-(?P<name>.*)-(?P<date>\d{8})
 def _get_session(number,name,date,time):
     '''Lookup session using data from video title'''
     meeting = Meeting.objects.get(number=number)
-    timeslot_time = datetime.datetime.strptime(date + time,'%Y%m%d%H%M')
+    timeslot_time = make_aware(datetime.datetime.strptime(date + time,'%Y%m%d%H%M'), meeting.tz())
     try:
         assignment = SchedTimeSessAssignment.objects.get(
             schedule__in = [meeting.schedule, meeting.schedule.base],
@@ -102,7 +104,7 @@ def get_timeslot_for_filename(filename):
         try:
             meeting = Meeting.objects.get(number=match.groupdict()['number'])
             room_mapping = {normalize_room_name(room.name): room.name for room in meeting.room_set.all()}
-            time = datetime.datetime.strptime(match.groupdict()['time'],'%Y%m%d-%H%M')
+            time = make_aware(datetime.datetime.strptime(match.groupdict()['time'],'%Y%m%d-%H%M'), meeting.tz())
             slots = TimeSlot.objects.filter(
                 meeting=meeting,
                 location__name=room_mapping[match.groupdict()['room']],
@@ -201,17 +203,22 @@ def send_audio_import_warning(unmatched_files):
 # End Recording Functions
 # -------------------------------------------------
 
-def get_progress_stats(sdate,edate):
+def get_progress_stats(sdate, edate):
     '''
     This function takes a date range and produces a dictionary of statistics / objects for
     use in a progress report.  Generally the end date will be the date of the last meeting
     and the start date will be the date of the meeting before that.
+
+    Data between midnight UTC on the specified dates are included in the stats.
     '''
+    sdatetime = pytz.utc.localize(datetime.datetime.combine(sdate, datetime.time()))
+    edatetime = pytz.utc.localize(datetime.datetime.combine(edate, datetime.time()))
+
     data = {}
     data['sdate'] = sdate
     data['edate'] = edate
 
-    events = DocEvent.objects.filter(doc__type='draft',time__gte=sdate,time__lt=edate)
+    events = DocEvent.objects.filter(doc__type='draft', time__gte=sdatetime, time__lt=edatetime)
     
     data['actions_count'] = events.filter(type='iesg_approved').count()
     data['last_calls_count'] = events.filter(type='sent_last_call').count()
@@ -226,7 +233,7 @@ def get_progress_stats(sdate,edate):
     data['updated_drafts_count'] = len(set([ e.doc_id for e in update_events ]))
     
     # Calculate Final Four Weeks stats (ffw)
-    ffwdate = edate - datetime.timedelta(days=28)
+    ffwdate = edatetime - datetime.timedelta(days=28)
     ffw_new_count = events.filter(time__gte=ffwdate,newrevisiondocevent__rev='00').count()
     try:
         ffw_new_percent = format(ffw_new_count / float(data['new_drafts_count']),'.0%')
@@ -257,14 +264,14 @@ def get_progress_stats(sdate,edate):
     data['new_groups'] = Group.objects.filter(
         type='wg',
         groupevent__changestategroupevent__state='active',
-        groupevent__time__gte=sdate,
-        groupevent__time__lt=edate)
+        groupevent__time__gte=sdatetime,
+        groupevent__time__lt=edatetime)
         
     data['concluded_groups'] = Group.objects.filter(
         type='wg',
         groupevent__changestategroupevent__state='conclude',
-        groupevent__time__gte=sdate,
-        groupevent__time__lt=edate)
+        groupevent__time__gte=sdatetime,
+        groupevent__time__lt=edatetime)
 
     return data
 
diff --git a/ietf/secr/proceedings/reports.py b/ietf/secr/proceedings/reports.py
index 115e4facd..fd360774b 100644
--- a/ietf/secr/proceedings/reports.py
+++ b/ietf/secr/proceedings/reports.py
@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
 import datetime
 
 from django.template.loader import render_to_string
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 from ietf.meeting.models import Meeting
 from ietf.doc.models import DocEvent, Document
 from ietf.secr.proceedings.proc_utils import get_progress_stats
+from ietf.utils.timezone import datetime_from_date
+
 
 def report_id_activity(start,end):
 
     # get previous meeting
-    meeting = Meeting.objects.filter(date__lt=datetime.datetime.now(),type='ietf').order_by('-date')[0]
+    meeting = Meeting.objects.filter(date__lt=timezone.now(),type='ietf').order_by('-date')[0]
     syear,smonth,sday = start.split('-')
     eyear,emonth,eday = end.split('-')
-    sdate = datetime.datetime(int(syear),int(smonth),int(sday))
-    edate = datetime.datetime(int(eyear),int(emonth),int(eday))
-    
+    sdate = datetime_from_date(datetime.date(int(syear),int(smonth),int(sday)), meeting.tz())
+    edate = datetime_from_date(datetime.date(int(eyear),int(emonth),int(eday)), meeting.tz())
+
     #queryset = Document.objects.filter(type='draft').annotate(start_date=Min('docevent__time'))
     new_docs = Document.objects.filter(type='draft').filter(docevent__type='new_revision',
                                                             docevent__newrevisiondocevent__rev='00',
@@ -44,7 +47,7 @@ def report_id_activity(start,end):
     approved = events.filter(type='iesg_approved').count()
     
     # get 4 weeks
-    monday = Meeting.get_current_meeting().get_ietf_monday()
+    monday = datetime_from_date(Meeting.get_current_meeting().get_ietf_monday(), meeting.tz())
     cutoff = monday + datetime.timedelta(days=3)
     ff1_date = cutoff - datetime.timedelta(days=28)
     #ff2_date = cutoff - datetime.timedelta(days=21)
diff --git a/ietf/secr/proceedings/templatetags/ams_filters.py b/ietf/secr/proceedings/templatetags/ams_filters.py
index ebf166e3c..d5c0837a2 100644
--- a/ietf/secr/proceedings/templatetags/ams_filters.py
+++ b/ietf/secr/proceedings/templatetags/ams_filters.py
@@ -38,20 +38,6 @@ def display_duration(value):
         x=int(value)
         return "%d Hours %d Minutes %d Seconds"%(x//3600,(x%3600)//60,x%60)
 
-@register.filter
-def get_published_date(doc):
-    '''
-    Returns the published date for a RFC Document
-    '''
-    event = doc.latest_event(type='published_rfc')
-    if event:
-        return event.time
-    event = doc.latest_event(type='new_revision')
-    if event:
-        return event.time
-    else:
-        return None
-        
 @register.filter
 def is_ppt(value):
     '''
diff --git a/ietf/secr/proceedings/tests.py b/ietf/secr/proceedings/tests.py
index 9d3f3d27b..22ede4c8c 100644
--- a/ietf/secr/proceedings/tests.py
+++ b/ietf/secr/proceedings/tests.py
@@ -50,8 +50,9 @@ class VideoRecordingTestCase(TestCase):
         meeting = session.meeting
         number = meeting.number
         name = session.group.acronym
-        date = session.official_timeslotassignment().timeslot.time.strftime('%Y%m%d')
-        time = session.official_timeslotassignment().timeslot.time.strftime('%H%M')
+        ts_time = session.official_timeslotassignment().timeslot.local_start_time()
+        date = ts_time.strftime('%Y%m%d')
+        time = ts_time.strftime('%H%M')
         self.assertEqual(_get_session(number,name,date,time),session)
 
     def test_get_urls_from_json(self):
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ class RecordingTestCase(TestCase):
         return "{prefix}-{room}-{date}.mp3".format(
             prefix=timeslot.meeting.type.slug + timeslot.meeting.number,
             room=normalize_room_name(timeslot.location.name),
-            date=timeslot.time.strftime('%Y%m%d-%H%M'))
+            date=timeslot.local_start_time().strftime('%Y%m%d-%H%M'))
 
     def test_import_audio_files_shared_timeslot(self):
         meeting = MeetingFactory(type_id='ietf',number='72')
diff --git a/ietf/secr/proceedings/tests_reports.py b/ietf/secr/proceedings/tests_reports.py
index 6039cfced..034dbe5fa 100644
--- a/ietf/secr/proceedings/tests_reports.py
+++ b/ietf/secr/proceedings/tests_reports.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import datetime
 import debug    # pyflakes:ignore
 
+from django.utils import timezone
+
 from ietf.doc.factories import DocumentFactory,NewRevisionDocEventFactory
 from ietf.secr.proceedings.reports import report_id_activity, report_progress_report
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import TestCase
@@ -10,7 +12,7 @@ class ReportsTestCase(TestCase):
 
     def test_report_id_activity(self):
 
-        today = datetime.datetime.today()
+        today = timezone.now()
         yesterday = today - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
         last_quarter = today - datetime.timedelta(days=3*30)
         next_week = today+datetime.timedelta(days=7)
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ class ReportsTestCase(TestCase):
         self.assertTrue('IETF Activity since last IETF Meeting' in result)
 
     def test_report_progress_report(self):
-        today = datetime.datetime.today()
+        today = timezone.now()
         last_quarter = today - datetime.timedelta(days=3*30)
         next_week = today+datetime.timedelta(days=7)
 
diff --git a/ietf/secr/sreq/templatetags/ams_filters.py b/ietf/secr/sreq/templatetags/ams_filters.py
index 125acdeda..3ef872232 100644
--- a/ietf/secr/sreq/templatetags/ams_filters.py
+++ b/ietf/secr/sreq/templatetags/ams_filters.py
@@ -42,20 +42,6 @@ def display_duration(value):
     else:
         return "%d Hours %d Minutes %d Seconds"%(value//3600,(value%3600)//60,value%60)
 
-@register.filter
-def get_published_date(doc):
-    '''
-    Returns the published date for a RFC Document
-    '''
-    event = doc.latest_event(type='published_rfc')
-    if event:
-        return event.time
-    event = doc.latest_event(type='new_revision')
-    if event:
-        return event.time
-    else:
-        return None
-        
 @register.filter
 def is_ppt(value):
     '''
diff --git a/ietf/secr/telechat/tests.py b/ietf/secr/telechat/tests.py
index f664745d7..cc989c6fc 100644
--- a/ietf/secr/telechat/tests.py
+++ b/ietf/secr/telechat/tests.py
@@ -8,12 +8,14 @@ from pyquery import PyQuery
 import debug    # pyflakes:ignore
 
 from django.urls import reverse
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 from ietf.doc.factories import (WgDraftFactory, IndividualRfcFactory, CharterFactory,
     IndividualDraftFactory, ConflictReviewFactory)
 from ietf.doc.models import BallotDocEvent, BallotType, BallotPositionDocEvent, State, Document
 from ietf.doc.utils import update_telechat, create_ballot_if_not_open
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import TestCase
+from ietf.utils.timezone import datetime_today
 from ietf.iesg.models import TelechatDate
 from ietf.person.models import Person
 from ietf.person.factories import PersonFactory
@@ -22,7 +24,7 @@ from ietf.secr.telechat.views import get_next_telechat_date
 SECR_USER='secretary'
 
 def augment_data():
-    TelechatDate.objects.create(date=datetime.datetime.today())
+    TelechatDate.objects.create(date=timezone.now())
 
 class SecrTelechatTestCase(TestCase):
     def test_main(self):
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ class SecrTelechatTestCase(TestCase):
     def test_doc_detail_charter(self):
         by=Person.objects.get(name="(System)")
         charter = CharterFactory(states=[('charter','intrev')])
-        last_week = datetime.date.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=7)
+        last_week = datetime_today()-datetime.timedelta(days=7)
         BallotDocEvent.objects.create(type='created_ballot',by=by,doc=charter, rev=charter.rev,
                                       ballot_type=BallotType.objects.get(doc_type=charter.type,slug='r-extrev'),
                                       time=last_week)
@@ -138,7 +140,7 @@ class SecrTelechatTestCase(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(q("#telechat-positions-table").find("th:contains('No Record')").length,1)
 
     def test_bash(self):
-        today = datetime.datetime.today() 
+        today = timezone.now()
         TelechatDate.objects.create(date=today)
         url = reverse('ietf.secr.telechat.views.bash',kwargs={'date':today.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')})
         self.client.login(username="secretary", password="secretary+password")
@@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ class SecrTelechatTestCase(TestCase):
     def test_doc_detail_post_update_ballot(self):
         by=Person.objects.get(name="(System)")
         charter = CharterFactory(states=[('charter','intrev')])
-        last_week = datetime.date.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=7)
+        last_week = datetime_today()-datetime.timedelta(days=7)
         BallotDocEvent.objects.create(type='created_ballot',by=by,doc=charter, rev=charter.rev,
                                       ballot_type=BallotType.objects.get(doc_type=charter.type,slug='r-extrev'),
                                       time=last_week)
@@ -186,7 +188,7 @@ class SecrTelechatTestCase(TestCase):
     def test_doc_detail_post_update_state(self):
         by=Person.objects.get(name="(System)")
         charter = CharterFactory(states=[('charter','intrev')])
-        last_week = datetime.date.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=7)
+        last_week = datetime_today()-datetime.timedelta(days=7)
         BallotDocEvent.objects.create(type='created_ballot',by=by,doc=charter, rev=charter.rev,
                                       ballot_type=BallotType.objects.get(doc_type=charter.type,slug='r-extrev'),
                                       time=last_week)
@@ -214,7 +216,7 @@ class SecrTelechatTestCase(TestCase):
             ad=Person.objects.get(user__username='ad'),
             authors=PersonFactory.create_batch(3),
         )
-        last_week = datetime.date.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=7)
+        last_week = datetime_today()-datetime.timedelta(days=7)
         BallotDocEvent.objects.create(type='created_ballot',by=by,doc=draft, rev=draft.rev,
                                       ballot_type=BallotType.objects.get(doc_type=draft.type,slug='approve'),
                                       time=last_week)
diff --git a/ietf/settings.py b/ietf/settings.py
index c41d4ae0f..a44311f3f 100644
--- a/ietf/settings.py
+++ b/ietf/settings.py
@@ -1039,8 +1039,6 @@ CHAT_URL_PATTERN = 'https://zulip.ietf.org/#narrow/stream/{chat_room_name}'
 # If we need to revert to xmpp
 # CHAT_ARCHIVE_URL_PATTERN = 'https://www.ietf.org/jabber/logs/{chat_room_name}?C=M;O=D'
 
-PRODUCTION_TIMEZONE = "America/Los_Angeles"
-
 PYFLAKES_DEFAULT_ARGS= ["ietf", ]
 VULTURE_DEFAULT_ARGS= ["ietf", ]
 
@@ -1187,8 +1185,6 @@ CELERY_TIMEZONE = 'UTC'
 CELERY_BROKER_URL = 'amqp://mq/'
 CELERY_BEAT_SCHEDULER = 'django_celery_beat.schedulers:DatabaseScheduler'
 CELERY_BEAT_SYNC_EVERY = 1  # update DB after every event
-assert not USE_TZ, 'Drop DJANGO_CELERY_BEAT_TZ_AWARE setting once USE_TZ is True!'
-DJANGO_CELERY_BEAT_TZ_AWARE = False
 
 # Meetecho API setup: Uncomment this and provide real credentials to enable
 # Meetecho conference creation for interim session requests
diff --git a/ietf/stats/management/commands/fetch_meeting_attendance.py b/ietf/stats/management/commands/fetch_meeting_attendance.py
index 5078c7cee..7f936531d 100644
--- a/ietf/stats/management/commands/fetch_meeting_attendance.py
+++ b/ietf/stats/management/commands/fetch_meeting_attendance.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 # Copyright The IETF Trust 2017-2019, All Rights Reserved
 # Copyright 2016 IETF Trust
 
-import datetime
 import syslog
 
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
         elif options['all']:
             meetings = Meeting.objects.filter(type="ietf").order_by("date")
         elif options['latest']:
-            meetings = Meeting.objects.filter(type="ietf", date__lte=datetime.datetime.today()).order_by("-date")[:options['latest']]
+            meetings = Meeting.objects.filter(type="ietf", date__lte=timezone.now()).order_by("-date")[:options['latest']]
         else:
             raise CommandError("Please use one of --meeting, --all or --latest")
 
diff --git a/ietf/stats/tests.py b/ietf/stats/tests.py
index d34d7b11b..13b81d934 100644
--- a/ietf/stats/tests.py
+++ b/ietf/stats/tests.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from requests import Response
 import debug    # pyflakes:ignore
 
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import login_testing_unauthorized, TestCase
 import ietf.stats.views
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ class StatisticsTests(TestCase):
         Document.objects.filter(pk=draft.pk).update(words=4000)
         # move it back so it shows up in the yearly summaries
         NewRevisionDocEvent.objects.filter(doc=draft, rev=draft.rev).update(
-            time=datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=500))
+            time=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=500))
 
         referencing_draft = Document.objects.create(
             name="draft-ietf-mars-referencing",
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ class StatisticsTests(TestCase):
             doc=referencing_draft,
             desc="New revision available",
             rev=referencing_draft.rev,
-            time=datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1000)
+            time=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1000)
         )
 
 
diff --git a/ietf/stats/views.py b/ietf/stats/views.py
index 593fc1947..784b7312c 100644
--- a/ietf/stats/views.py
+++ b/ietf/stats/views.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from django.db.models import Count, Q
 from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
 from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
 from django.utils.text import slugify
 
@@ -39,6 +40,8 @@ from ietf.stats.models import MeetingRegistration, CountryAlias
 from ietf.stats.utils import get_aliased_affiliations, get_aliased_countries, compute_hirsch_index
 from ietf.ietfauth.utils import has_role
 from ietf.utils.response import permission_denied
+from ietf.utils.timezone import date_today, DEADLINE_TZINFO, RPC_TZINFO
+
 
 def stats_index(request):
     return render(request, "stats/index.html")
@@ -196,7 +199,7 @@ def document_stats(request, stats_type=None):
         if "y" in time_choice:
             try:
                 y = int(time_choice.rstrip("y"))
-                from_time = datetime.datetime.today() - dateutil.relativedelta.relativedelta(years=y)
+                from_time = timezone.now() - dateutil.relativedelta.relativedelta(years=y)
             except ValueError:
                 pass
 
@@ -622,8 +625,9 @@ def document_stats(request, stats_type=None):
                 type__in=["published_rfc", "new_revision"],
             ).values_list("doc", "time").order_by("doc")
 
-            for doc, time in docevent_qs.iterator():
-                doc_years[doc].add(time.year)
+            for doc_id, time in docevent_qs.iterator():
+                # RPC_TZINFO is used to match the timezone handling in Document.pub_date()
+                doc_years[doc_id].add(time.astimezone(RPC_TZINFO).year)
 
             person_qs = Person.objects.filter(person_filters)
 
@@ -1065,12 +1069,12 @@ def review_stats(request, stats_type=None, acronym=None):
         except ValueError:
             return None
 
-    today = datetime.date.today()
+    today = date_today(DEADLINE_TZINFO)
     from_date = parse_date(request.GET.get("from")) or today - dateutil.relativedelta.relativedelta(years=1)
     to_date = parse_date(request.GET.get("to")) or today
 
-    from_time = datetime.datetime.combine(from_date, datetime.time.min)
-    to_time = datetime.datetime.combine(to_date, datetime.time.max)
+    from_time = datetime.datetime.combine(from_date, datetime.time.min, tzinfo=DEADLINE_TZINFO)
+    to_time = datetime.datetime.combine(to_date, datetime.time.max, tzinfo=DEADLINE_TZINFO)
 
     # teams/reviewers
     teams = list(Group.objects.exclude(reviewrequest=None).distinct().order_by("name"))
diff --git a/ietf/submit/forms.py b/ietf/submit/forms.py
index 34f568d2e..857e6879c 100644
--- a/ietf/submit/forms.py
+++ b/ietf/submit/forms.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from django import forms
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.utils.html import mark_safe, format_html # type:ignore
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import force_str
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ class SubmissionBaseUploadForm(forms.Form):
         self.base_formats = None        # None will raise an exception in clean() if this isn't changed in a subclass
 
     def set_cutoff_warnings(self):
-        now = datetime.datetime.now(pytz.utc)
+        now = timezone.now().astimezone(pytz.utc)
         meeting = Meeting.get_current_meeting()
         if not meeting:
             return
diff --git a/ietf/submit/migrations/0011_use_timezone_now_for_submit_models.py b/ietf/submit/migrations/0011_use_timezone_now_for_submit_models.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69d40bf8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ietf/submit/migrations/0011_use_timezone_now_for_submit_models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Generated by Django 2.2.28 on 2022-07-12 11:24
+
+from django.db import migrations, models
+import django.utils.timezone
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ('submit', '0010_create_cancel_stale_submissions_task'),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='preapproval',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now),
+        ),
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='submissioncheck',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now),
+        ),
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='submissionevent',
+            name='time',
+            field=models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now),
+        ),
+    ]
diff --git a/ietf/submit/models.py b/ietf/submit/models.py
index 9f0e2fa33..629303296 100644
--- a/ietf/submit/models.py
+++ b/ietf/submit/models.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import email
 import jsonfield
 
 from django.db import models
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ class Submission(models.Model):
 
 
 class SubmissionCheck(models.Model):
-    time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
+    time = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
     submission = ForeignKey(Submission, related_name='checks')
     checker = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=True)
     passed = models.BooleanField(null=True, default=False)
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ class SubmissionCheck(models.Model):
 
 class SubmissionEvent(models.Model):
     submission = ForeignKey(Submission)
-    time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
+    time = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
     by = ForeignKey(Person, null=True, blank=True)
     desc = models.TextField()
 
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ class Preapproval(models.Model):
     """Pre-approved draft submission name."""
     name = models.CharField(max_length=255, db_index=True)
     by = ForeignKey(Person)
-    time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
+    time = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
 
     def __str__(self):
         return self.name
diff --git a/ietf/submit/tests.py b/ietf/submit/tests.py
index 70baff432..86815f59f 100644
--- a/ietf/submit/tests.py
+++ b/ietf/submit/tests.py
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ class SubmitTests(BaseSubmitTestCase):
         # prepare draft to suggest replace
         sug_replaced_draft = Document.objects.create(
             name="draft-ietf-ames-sug-replaced",
-            time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+            time=timezone.now(),
             type_id="draft",
             title="Draft to be suggested to be replaced",
             stream_id="ietf",
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ class SubmitTests(BaseSubmitTestCase):
             words=100,
             intended_std_level_id="ps",
             ad=draft.ad,
-            expires=datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=settings.INTERNET_DRAFT_DAYS_TO_EXPIRE),
+            expires=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=settings.INTERNET_DRAFT_DAYS_TO_EXPIRE),
             notify="aliens@example.mars",
             note="",
         )
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ class SubmitTests(BaseSubmitTestCase):
         self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(os.path.join(self.repository_dir, "%s-%s.txt" % (name, rev))))
         self.assertEqual(draft.type_id, "draft")
         self.assertEqual(draft.stream_id, "ietf")
-        self.assertTrue(draft.expires >= datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=settings.INTERNET_DRAFT_DAYS_TO_EXPIRE - 1))
+        self.assertTrue(draft.expires >= timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=settings.INTERNET_DRAFT_DAYS_TO_EXPIRE - 1))
         self.assertEqual(draft.get_state("draft-stream-%s" % draft.stream_id).slug, "wg-doc")
         authors = draft.documentauthor_set.all()
         self.assertEqual(len(authors), 1)
@@ -2320,7 +2320,7 @@ Subject: test submission via email
 Please submit my draft at http://test.com/mydraft.txt
 
 Thank you
-""".format(datetime.datetime.now().ctime())
+""".format(timezone.now().ctime())
         message = email.message_from_string(force_str(message_string))
         submission, submission_email_event = (
             add_submission_email(request=None,
@@ -2402,7 +2402,7 @@ Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="attach.txt"
 QW4gZXhhbXBsZSBhdHRhY2htZW50IHd0aG91dCB2ZXJ5IG11Y2ggaW4gaXQuCgpBIGNvdXBs
 ZSBvZiBsaW5lcyAtIGJ1dCBpdCBjb3VsZCBiZSBhIGRyYWZ0Cg==
 --------------090908050800030909090207--
-""".format(frm, datetime.datetime.now().ctime())
+""".format(frm, timezone.now().ctime())
 
         message = email.message_from_string(force_str(message_string))
         submission, submission_email_event = (
@@ -2458,7 +2458,7 @@ Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="attachment.txt"
 QW4gZXhhbXBsZSBhdHRhY2htZW50IHd0aG91dCB2ZXJ5IG11Y2ggaW4gaXQuCgpBIGNvdXBs
 ZSBvZiBsaW5lcyAtIGJ1dCBpdCBjb3VsZCBiZSBhIGRyYWZ0Cg==
 --------------090908050800030909090207--
-""".format(datetime.datetime.now().ctime())
+""".format(timezone.now().ctime())
 
         # Back to secretariat
         self.client.login(username="secretary", password="secretary+password")
@@ -2597,7 +2597,7 @@ Subject: Another message
 About my submission
 
 Thank you
-""".format(datetime.datetime.now().ctime())
+""".format(timezone.now().ctime())
 
             r = self.client.post(add_email_url, {
                 "name": "{}-{}".format(submission.name, submission.rev),
@@ -2664,7 +2664,7 @@ Thank you
 From: {}
 Date: {}
 Subject: test
-""".format(reply_to, to, datetime.datetime.now().ctime())
+""".format(reply_to, to, timezone.now().ctime())
 
         result = process_response_email(message_string)
         self.assertIsInstance(result, Message)
diff --git a/ietf/submit/utils.py b/ietf/submit/utils.py
index f0a78c5cf..ea51ab18f 100644
--- a/ietf/submit/utils.py
+++ b/ietf/submit/utils.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from django.http import HttpRequest     # pyflakes:ignore
 from django.utils.module_loading import import_string
 from django.template.loader import render_to_string
 from django.contrib.auth.models import AnonymousUser
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -338,7 +339,7 @@ def post_submission(request, submission, approved_doc_desc, approved_subm_desc):
         if stream_slug:
             draft.stream = StreamName.objects.get(slug=stream_slug)
 
-    draft.expires = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(settings.INTERNET_DRAFT_DAYS_TO_EXPIRE)
+    draft.expires = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(settings.INTERNET_DRAFT_DAYS_TO_EXPIRE)
     log.log(f"{submission.name}: got draft details")
 
     events = []
@@ -616,7 +617,7 @@ def ensure_person_email_info_exists(name, email, docname):
             email.active = active
         email.person = person
         if email.time is None:
-            email.time = datetime.datetime.now()
+            email.time = timezone.now()
         email.origin = "author: %s" % docname
         email.save()
 
diff --git a/ietf/sync/iana.py b/ietf/sync/iana.py
index 9d0f66435..978b49507 100644
--- a/ietf/sync/iana.py
+++ b/ietf/sync/iana.py
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@ import json
 import re
 import requests
 
+from email.utils import parsedate_to_datetime
+
 from django.conf import settings
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import smart_bytes, force_str
 from django.utils.http import urlquote
 
@@ -21,7 +24,6 @@ from ietf.doc.utils import add_state_change_event
 from ietf.person.models import Person
 from ietf.utils.log import log
 from ietf.utils.mail import parseaddr, get_payload_text
-from ietf.utils.timezone import local_timezone_to_utc, email_time_to_local_timezone, utc_to_local_timezone
 
 
 #PROTOCOLS_URL = "https://www.iana.org/protocols/"
@@ -64,8 +66,8 @@ def update_rfc_log_from_protocol_page(rfc_names, rfc_must_published_later_than):
     
 
 def fetch_changes_json(url, start, end):
-    url += "?start=%s&end=%s" % (urlquote(local_timezone_to_utc(start).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")),
-                                 urlquote(local_timezone_to_utc(end).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")))
+    url += "?start=%s&end=%s" % (urlquote(start.astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")),
+                                 urlquote(end.astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")))
     # HTTP basic auth
     username = "ietfsync"
     password = settings.IANA_SYNC_PASSWORD
@@ -159,8 +161,7 @@ def update_history_with_changes(changes, send_email=True):
 
     for c in changes:
         docname = c['doc']
-        timestamp = datetime.datetime.strptime(c["time"], "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
-        timestamp = utc_to_local_timezone(timestamp) # timestamps are in UTC
+        timestamp = datetime.datetime.strptime(c["time"], "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",).replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
 
         if c['type'] in ("iana_state", "iana_review"):
             if c['type'] == "iana_state":
@@ -241,9 +242,12 @@ def parse_review_email(text):
     doc_name = strip_version_extension(doc_name)
 
     # date
-    review_time = datetime.datetime.now()
+    review_time = timezone.now()
     if "Date" in msg:
-        review_time = email_time_to_local_timezone(msg["Date"])
+        review_time = parsedate_to_datetime(msg["Date"])
+        # parsedate_to_datetime() may return a naive timezone - treat as UTC
+        if review_time.tzinfo is None or review_time.tzinfo.utcoffset(review_time) is None:
+            review_time = review_time.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
 
     # by
     by = None
diff --git a/ietf/sync/rfceditor.py b/ietf/sync/rfceditor.py
index c2264a0d3..1da11f01e 100644
--- a/ietf/sync/rfceditor.py
+++ b/ietf/sync/rfceditor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from xml.dom import pulldom, Node
 
 from django.conf import settings
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import smart_bytes, force_str, force_text
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ from ietf.name.models import StdLevelName, StreamName
 from ietf.person.models import Person
 from ietf.utils.log import log
 from ietf.utils.mail import send_mail_text
+from ietf.utils.timezone import datetime_from_date, RPC_TZINFO
 
 #QUEUE_URL = "https://www.rfc-editor.org/queue2.xml"
 #INDEX_URL = "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc-index.xml"
@@ -331,9 +333,12 @@ def parse_index(response):
 
 
 def update_docs_from_rfc_index(index_data, errata_data, skip_older_than_date=None):
-    """Given parsed data from the RFC Editor index, update the documents
-    in the database. Yields a list of change descriptions for each
-    document, if any."""
+    """Given parsed data from the RFC Editor index, update the documents in the database
+
+    Yields a list of change descriptions for each document, if any.
+
+    The skip_older_than_date is a bare date, not a datetime.
+    """
 
     errata = {}
     for item in errata_data:
@@ -442,8 +447,16 @@ def update_docs_from_rfc_index(index_data, errata_data, skip_older_than_date=Non
             # unfortunately, rfc_published_date doesn't include the correct day
             # at the moment because the data only has month/year, so
             # try to deduce it
-            d = datetime.datetime.combine(rfc_published_date, datetime.time())
-            synthesized = datetime.datetime.now()
+            #
+            # Note: This is in done PST8PDT to preserve compatibility with events created when
+            # USE_TZ was False. The published_rfc event was created with a timestamp whose
+            # server-local datetime (PST8PDT) matched the publication date from the RFC index.
+            # When switching to USE_TZ=True, the timestamps were migrated so they still
+            # matched the publication date in PST8PDT. When interpreting the event timestamp
+            # as a publication date, you must treat it in the PST8PDT time zone. The
+            # RPC_TZINFO constant in ietf.utils.timezone is defined for this purpose.
+            d = datetime_from_date(rfc_published_date, RPC_TZINFO)
+            synthesized = timezone.now().astimezone(RPC_TZINFO)
             if abs(d - synthesized) > datetime.timedelta(days=60):
                 synthesized = d
             else:
diff --git a/ietf/sync/tests.py b/ietf/sync/tests.py
index 61bab795c..f245145d2 100644
--- a/ietf/sync/tests.py
+++ b/ietf/sync/tests.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import quopri
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.urls import reverse as urlreverse
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ from ietf.sync import iana, rfceditor
 from ietf.utils.mail import outbox, empty_outbox
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import login_testing_unauthorized
 from ietf.utils.test_utils import TestCase
+from ietf.utils.timezone import date_today, RPC_TZINFO
 
 
 class IANASyncTests(TestCase):
@@ -34,11 +36,11 @@ class IANASyncTests(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(len(rfc_names), 1)
         self.assertEqual(rfc_names[0], "rfc1234")
 
-        iana.update_rfc_log_from_protocol_page(rfc_names, datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1))
+        iana.update_rfc_log_from_protocol_page(rfc_names, timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1))
         self.assertEqual(DocEvent.objects.filter(doc=draft, type="rfc_in_iana_registry").count(), 1)
 
         # make sure it doesn't create duplicates
-        iana.update_rfc_log_from_protocol_page(rfc_names, datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1))
+        iana.update_rfc_log_from_protocol_page(rfc_names, timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1))
         self.assertEqual(DocEvent.objects.filter(doc=draft, type="rfc_in_iana_registry").count(), 1)
 
     def test_changes_sync(self):
@@ -190,7 +192,7 @@ ICANN
                         doc_name, review_time, by, comment = iana.parse_review_email(msg.encode('utf-8'))
     
                         self.assertEqual(doc_name, draft.name)
-                        self.assertEqual(review_time, datetime.datetime(2012, 5, 10, 5, 0, rtime))
+                        self.assertEqual(review_time, datetime.datetime(2012, 5, 10, 12, 0, rtime, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc))
                         self.assertEqual(by, Person.objects.get(user__username="iana"))
                         self.assertIn("there are no IANA Actions", comment.replace("\n", ""))
     
@@ -237,7 +239,7 @@ class RFCSyncTests(TestCase):
         DocAlias.objects.create(name=updated_doc.name).docs.add(updated_doc)
         DocAlias.objects.create(name="rfc123").docs.add(updated_doc)
 
-        today = datetime.date.today()
+        today = date_today()
 
         t = '''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <rfc-index xmlns="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc-index"
@@ -352,7 +354,7 @@ class RFCSyncTests(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(events[0].type, "sync_from_rfc_editor")
         self.assertEqual(events[1].type, "changed_action_holders")
         self.assertEqual(events[2].type, "published_rfc")
-        self.assertEqual(events[2].time.date(), today)
+        self.assertEqual(events[2].time.astimezone(RPC_TZINFO).date(), today)
         self.assertTrue("errata" in doc.tags.all().values_list("slug", flat=True))
         self.assertTrue(DocAlias.objects.filter(name="rfc1234", docs=doc))
         self.assertTrue(DocAlias.objects.filter(name="bcp1", docs=doc))
diff --git a/ietf/sync/views.py b/ietf/sync/views.py
index d6fc505c2..1d22c424c 100644
--- a/ietf/sync/views.py
+++ b/ietf/sync/views.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect, Http404
 from django.shortcuts import render
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
 
 from ietf.doc.models import DeletedEvent, StateDocEvent, DocEvent
@@ -118,12 +119,12 @@ def rfceditor_undo(request):
     events = []
     events.extend(StateDocEvent.objects.filter(
         state_type="draft-rfceditor",
-        time__gte=datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(weeks=1)
+        time__gte=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(weeks=1)
     ).order_by("-time", "-id"))
 
     events.extend(DocEvent.objects.filter(
         type="sync_from_rfc_editor",
-        time__gte=datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(weeks=1)
+        time__gte=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(weeks=1)
     ).order_by("-time", "-id"))
 
     events.sort(key=lambda e: (e.time, e.id), reverse=True)
diff --git a/ietf/templates/doc/document_draft.html b/ietf/templates/doc/document_draft.html
index 6e3c8c1a2..c7f5ed406 100644
--- a/ietf/templates/doc/document_draft.html
+++ b/ietf/templates/doc/document_draft.html
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
           title="Document changes"
           href="/feed/document-changes/{{ name }}/">
     <meta name="description"
-          content="{{ doc.title }} {% if doc.get_state_slug == 'rfc' and not snapshot %}(RFC {{ rfc_number }}{% if published %}, {{ published.time|date:'F Y' }}{% endif %}{% if obsoleted_by %}; obsoleted by {{ obsoleted_by|join:', ' }}{% endif %}){% else %}(Internet-Draft, {{ doc.time|date:'Y' }}){% endif %}">
+          content="{{ doc.title }} {% if doc.get_state_slug == 'rfc' and not snapshot %}(RFC {{ rfc_number }}{% if published %}, {{ doc.pub_date|date:'F Y' }}{% endif %}{% if obsoleted_by %}; obsoleted by {{ obsoleted_by|join:', ' }}{% endif %}){% else %}(Internet-Draft, {{ doc.time|date:'Y' }}){% endif %}">
 {% endblock %}
 {% block morecss %}.inline { display: inline; }{% endblock %}
 {% block title %}
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
                     {% if doc.get_state_slug == "rfc" and not snapshot %}
                         <span class="text-success">RFC - {{ doc.std_level }}</span>
                         {% if published %}
-                            ({{ published.time|date:"F Y" }})
+                            ({{ doc.pub_date|date:"F Y" }})
                         {% else %}
                             (Publication date unknown)
                         {% endif %}
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
                 <td class="edit"></td>
                 <td>
                     {{ doc.time|date:"Y-m-d" }}
-                    {% if latest_revision and latest_revision.time.date != doc.time.date %}
+                    {% if latest_revision and latest_revision.time|date:"Y-m-d" != doc.time|date:"Y-m-d" %}
                         <span class="text-muted">(Latest revision {{ latest_revision.time|date:"Y-m-d" }})</span>
                     {% endif %}
                 </td>
diff --git a/ietf/templates/group/meetings-row.html b/ietf/templates/group/meetings-row.html
index ff3b3af37..f445cf1e5 100644
--- a/ietf/templates/group/meetings-row.html
+++ b/ietf/templates/group/meetings-row.html
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
+{% load origin tz %}
+{% origin %}
 {% for s in sessions %}
+    {% timezone s.meeting.time_zone %}
     <tr>
         <td>
             {% if s.meeting.type.slug == 'ietf' %}
@@ -65,4 +68,5 @@
             {% endif %}
         </td>
     </tr>
+    {% endtimezone %}
 {% endfor %}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ietf/templates/group/meetings.html b/ietf/templates/group/meetings.html
index 69ec5458c..f58f8840b 100644
--- a/ietf/templates/group/meetings.html
+++ b/ietf/templates/group/meetings.html
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 {% extends "group/group_base.html" %}
 {# Copyright The IETF Trust 2015, All Rights Reserved #}
+{# TODO: Add text noting that dates and weekdays are displayed in each meeting's timezone #}
 {% load origin %}
 {% block title %}
     Meetings
diff --git a/ietf/templates/meeting/agenda.html b/ietf/templates/meeting/agenda.html
index 1d037010a..959b6feaf 100644
--- a/ietf/templates/meeting/agenda.html
+++ b/ietf/templates/meeting/agenda.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 {% load static %}
 {% load ietf_filters %}
 {% load textfilters %}
-{% load htmlfilters agenda_custom_tags %}
+{% load htmlfilters agenda_custom_tags tz %}
 {% block title %}
     IETF {{ schedule.meeting.number }} Meeting Agenda
     {% if "-utc" in request.path %}(UTC){% endif %}
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@
               <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary my-3 now-link" href="#">Jump to current session</a>
           {% endif %}
           <div class="d-flex">
-            {% include 'meeting/tz-display.html' with id_suffix="-rh" meeting_timezone=timezone minimal=True only %}
+            {% include 'meeting/tz-display.html' with id_suffix="-rh" meeting_timezone=display_timezone minimal=True only %}
           </div>
           <div class="small text-muted">
-            Showing <span class="current-tz">{{ timezone|split:"_"|join:" "|split:"/"|join:" / " }}</span> time
+            Showing <span class="current-tz">{{ display_timezone|split:"_"|join:" "|split:"/"|join:" / " }}</span> time
           </div>
         </div>
     </div>
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
             {{ schedule.meeting.agenda_info_note|removetags:"h1"|safe }}
         </p>
     {% endif %}
-    {% include 'meeting/tz-display.html' with id_suffix="" meeting_timezone=timezone only %}
+    {% include 'meeting/tz-display.html' with id_suffix="" meeting_timezone=display_timezone only %}
     {% include "meeting/agenda_filter.html" with filter_categories=filter_categories customize_button_text="Filter this agenda view..." always_show=personalize %}
     {% include "meeting/agenda_personalize_buttonlist.html" with meeting=schedule.meeting personalize=personalize only %}
     <div class="input-group mb-3">
@@ -249,7 +249,8 @@
                         </td>
                     {% endif %}
                     {% if item.slot_type.slug == 'plenary' %}
-                        <td class="text-end">{% include "meeting/timeslot_start_end.html" %}</td>
+                        <td class="text-end">
+                            {% include "meeting/timeslot_start_end.html" %}</td>
                         <td colspan="3">
                             {% if item.timeslot.show_location and item.timeslot.location %}
                                 {% location_anchor item.timeslot %}
@@ -327,11 +328,11 @@
                     {% if item.session.rescheduled_to %}
                         TO
                         <div class="timetooltip reschedtimetooltip">
-                            <div data-start-time="{{ item.session.rescheduled_to.utc_start_time|date:"U" }}"
-                                 data-end-time="{{ item.session.rescheduled_to.utc_end_time|date:"U" }}"
+                            <div data-start-time="{{ item.session.rescheduled_to.time|utc|date:"U" }}"
+                                 data-end-time="{{ item.session.rescheduled_to.end_time|utc|date:"U" }}"
                                  {% if item.timeslot.time|date:"l" != item.session.rescheduled_to.time|date:"l" %} data-weekday="1"{% endif %}>
                                 {% if "-utc" in request.path %}
-                                    {{ item.session.rescheduled_to.utc_start_time|date:"l G:i"|upper }}-{{ item.session.rescheduled_to.utc_end_time|date:"G:i" }}
+                                    {{ item.session.rescheduled_to.time|utc|date:"l G:i"|upper }}-{{ item.session.rescheduled_to.end_time|utc|date:"G:i" }}
                                 {% else %}
                                     {{ item.session.rescheduled_to.time|date:"l G:i"|upper }}-{{ item.session.rescheduled_to.end_time|date:"G:i" }}
                                 {% endif %}
@@ -487,7 +488,7 @@
 
         $(document).ready(function() {
             // Methods/variables here that are not in ietf_timezone or agenda_filter are from agenda_timezone.js
-            meeting_timezone = '{{ timezone }}';
+            meeting_timezone = '{{ display_timezone }}';
 
             // First, initialize_moments(). This must be done before calling any of the update methods.
             // It does not need timezone info, so safe to call before initializing ietf_timezone.
diff --git a/ietf/templates/meeting/agenda.ics b/ietf/templates/meeting/agenda.ics
index 4f207afae..18ec8def8 100644
--- a/ietf/templates/meeting/agenda.ics
+++ b/ietf/templates/meeting/agenda.ics
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-{% load humanize %}{% autoescape off %}{% load ietf_filters textfilters %}{% load cache %}{% cache 1800 ietf_meeting_agenda_ics schedule.meeting.number request.path request.GET %}BEGIN:VCALENDAR
+{% load humanize tz %}{% autoescape off %}{% timezone schedule.meeting.tz %}{% load ietf_filters textfilters %}{% load cache %}{% cache 1800 ietf_meeting_agenda_ics schedule.meeting.number request.path request.GET %}BEGIN:VCALENDAR
 VERSION:2.0
 METHOD:PUBLISH
 PRODID:-//IETF//datatracker.ietf.org ical agenda//EN
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ SUMMARY:{% if item.session.name %}{{item.session.name|ics_esc}}{% else %}{% if n
 {% if item.timeslot.show_location %}LOCATION:{{item.timeslot.get_location}}
 {% endif %}STATUS:{{item.session.ical_status}}
 CLASS:PUBLIC
-DTSTART{% if schedule.meeting.time_zone %};TZID={{schedule.meeting.time_zone|ics_esc}}{%endif%}:{{ item.timeslot.time|date:"Ymd" }}T{{item.timeslot.time|date:"Hi"}}00
-DTEND{% if schedule.meeting.time_zone %};TZID={{schedule.meeting.time_zone|ics_esc}}{%endif%}:{{ item.timeslot.end_time|date:"Ymd" }}T{{item.timeslot.end_time|date:"Hi"}}00
+DTSTART;TZID={{schedule.meeting.time_zone|ics_esc}}:{{ item.timeslot.time|date:"Ymd" }}T{{item.timeslot.time|date:"Hi"}}00
+DTEND;TZID={{schedule.meeting.time_zone|ics_esc}}:{{ item.timeslot.end_time|date:"Ymd" }}T{{item.timeslot.end_time|date:"Hi"}}00
 DTSTAMP:{{ item.timeslot.modified|date:"Ymd" }}T{{ item.timeslot.modified|date:"His" }}Z{% if item.session.agenda %}
 URL:{{item.session.agenda.get_versionless_href}}{% endif %}
 DESCRIPTION:{{item.timeslot.name|ics_esc}}\n{% if item.session.agenda_note %}
@@ -25,4 +25,4 @@ DESCRIPTION:{{item.timeslot.name|ics_esc}}\n{% if item.session.agenda_note %}
  \n{# link agenda for ietf meetings #}
  See in schedule: {% absurl 'ietf.meeting.views.agenda' num=schedule.meeting.number %}#row-{{ item.slug }}\n{% endif %}
 END:VEVENT
-{% endif %}{% endfor %}END:VCALENDAR{% endcache %}{% endautoescape %}
+{% endif %}{% endfor %}END:VCALENDAR{% endcache %}{% endtimezone %}{% endautoescape %}
diff --git a/ietf/templates/meeting/interim_announcement.txt b/ietf/templates/meeting/interim_announcement.txt
index 074394099..f9d5394c3 100644
--- a/ietf/templates/meeting/interim_announcement.txt
+++ b/ietf/templates/meeting/interim_announcement.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-{% load ietf_filters %}{% if is_change %}MEETING DETAILS HAVE CHANGED.  SEE LATEST DETAILS BELOW.
+{% load ietf_filters tz %}{% timezone meeting.tz %}{% if is_change %}MEETING DETAILS HAVE CHANGED.  SEE LATEST DETAILS BELOW.
 
 {% endif %}The {{ group.name }} ({{ group.acronym }}) {% if group.type.slug == 'wg' and group.state.slug == 'bof' %}BOF{% else %}{{group.type.name}}{% endif %} will hold
-{% if assignments.count == 1 %}a{% if meeting.city %}n {% else %} virtual {% endif %}interim meeting on {{ meeting.date }} from {{ assignments.first.timeslot.time | date:"H:i" }} to {{ assignments.first.timeslot.end_time | date:"H:i" }} {{ meeting.time_zone}}{% if meeting.time_zone != 'UTC' %} ({{ assignments.first.timeslot.utc_start_time | date:"H:i" }} to {{ assignments.first.timeslot.utc_end_time | date:"H:i" }} UTC){% endif %}.
+{% if assignments.count == 1 %}a{% if meeting.city %}n {% else %} virtual {% endif %}interim meeting on {{ meeting.date }} from {{ assignments.first.timeslot.time | date:"H:i" }} to {{ assignments.first.timeslot.end_time | date:"H:i" }} {{ meeting.time_zone}}{% if meeting.time_zone != 'UTC' %} ({{ assignments.first.timeslot.time | utc | date:"H:i" }} to {{ assignments.first.timeslot.end_time | utc | date:"H:i" }} UTC){% endif %}.
 {% else %}a multi-day {% if not meeting.city %}virtual {% endif %}interim meeting.
 
 {% for assignment in assignments %}Session {{ forloop.counter }}:
-{{ assignment.timeslot.time | date:"Y-m-d" }}     {{ assignment.timeslot.time | date:"H:i" }} to {{ assignment.timeslot.end_time | date:"H:i" }} {{ meeting.time_zone }}{% if meeting.time_zone != 'UTC' %}({{ assignment.timeslot.utc_start_time | date:"H:i" }} to {{ assignment.timeslot.utc_end_time | date:"H:i" }} UTC){% endif %}
+{{ assignment.timeslot.time | date:"Y-m-d" }}     {{ assignment.timeslot.time | date:"H:i" }} to {{ assignment.timeslot.end_time | date:"H:i" }} {{ meeting.time_zone }}{% if meeting.time_zone != 'UTC' %}({{ assignment.timeslot.time | utc | date:"H:i" }} to {{ assignment.timeslot.end_time | utc | date:"H:i" }} UTC){% endif %}
 {% endfor %}{% endif %}
 {% if meeting.city %}Meeting Location:
 {{ meeting.city }}, {{ meeting.country }}
@@ -17,3 +17,4 @@ Information about remote participation:
 {{ meeting.session_set.first.remote_instructions }}
 
 {{ meeting.session_set.first.agenda_note }}
+{% endtimezone %}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ietf/templates/meeting/interim_request_details.html b/ietf/templates/meeting/interim_request_details.html
index b627fdbb8..89545d14e 100644
--- a/ietf/templates/meeting/interim_request_details.html
+++ b/ietf/templates/meeting/interim_request_details.html
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {% extends "base.html" %}
 {# Copyright The IETF Trust 2015, All Rights Reserved #}
 {% load origin %}
-{% load static django_bootstrap5 widget_tweaks ietf_filters person_filters textfilters %}
+{% load static django_bootstrap5 widget_tweaks ietf_filters person_filters textfilters tz %}
 {% block title %}Interim Request Details{% endblock %}
 {% block pagehead %}
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'ietf/css/select2.css' %}">
 {% endblock %}
-{% block content %}
+{% block content %}{% timezone meeting.tz %}
     {% origin %}
     <h1>Interim Meeting Request Details</h1>
     <dl class="row my-3">
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
             <dd class="col-sm-10">
                 {{ assignment.timeslot.time|date:"H:i" }}
                 {% if meeting.time_zone != 'UTC' %}
-                    ({{ assignment.timeslot.utc_start_time|date:"H:i" }} UTC)
+                    ({{ assignment.timeslot.time|utc|date:"H:i" }} UTC)
                 {% endif %}
             </dd>
             <dt class="col-sm-2">
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
         {% endif %}
         {% if can_approve and status_slug == 'apprw' %}</form>{% endif %}
     {% endwith %}
-{% endblock %}
+{% endtimezone %}{% endblock %}
 {% block js %}
     <script src="{% static 'ietf/js/select2.js' %}"></script>
     <script src="{% static 'ietf/js/meeting-interim-request.js' %}"></script>
diff --git a/ietf/templates/meeting/session_details.html b/ietf/templates/meeting/session_details.html
index 2ecb7e1d5..c1b9f31fc 100644
--- a/ietf/templates/meeting/session_details.html
+++ b/ietf/templates/meeting/session_details.html
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
         <br>
         <small class="text-muted">{{ acronym }}</small>
     </h1>
-    {% if meeting.date >= thisweek %}
+    {% if meeting.start_datetime >= thisweek %}
         <a class="regular float-end"
            title="icalendar entry for {{ acronym }}@{{ meeting.number }}"
            aria-label="icalendar entry for {{ acronym }}@{{ meeting.number }}"
diff --git a/ietf/templates/meeting/timeslot_start_end.html b/ietf/templates/meeting/timeslot_start_end.html
index 4ee4a9d3c..243c514c1 100644
--- a/ietf/templates/meeting/timeslot_start_end.html
+++ b/ietf/templates/meeting/timeslot_start_end.html
@@ -2,10 +2,6 @@
     <div class="time"
          data-start-time="{{ item.start_timestamp }}"
          data-end-time="{{ item.end_timestamp }}">
-        {% if "-utc" in request.path %}
-            {{ item.timeslot.utc_start_time|date:"H:i" }}<span class="d-lg-none"><br></span>-{{ item.timeslot.utc_end_time|date:"H:i" }}
-        {% else %}
-            {{ item.timeslot.time|date:"H:i" }}<span class="d-lg-none"><br></span>-{{ item.timeslot.end_time|date:"H:i" }}
-        {% endif %}
+        {{ item.timeslot.time|date:"H:i" }}<span class="d-lg-none"><br></span>-{{ item.timeslot.end_time|date:"H:i" }}
     </div>
 </div>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ietf/templates/meeting/upcoming.html b/ietf/templates/meeting/upcoming.html
index 43f998c9a..0fb40c971 100644
--- a/ietf/templates/meeting/upcoming.html
+++ b/ietf/templates/meeting/upcoming.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 {# Copyright The IETF Trust 2015, 2020, All Rights Reserved #}
 {% load origin %}
 {% load cache %}
-{% load ietf_filters static classname %}
+{% load ietf_filters static classname tz %}
 {% block pagehead %}
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static "ietf/css/list.css" %}">
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static "ietf/js/fullcalendar.css" %}">
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@
                         {% elif entry|classname == 'Session' %}
                             {% with session=entry group=entry.group meeting=entry.meeting %}
                                 <td class="session-time"
-                                    data-start-utc="{{ session.official_timeslotassignment.timeslot.utc_start_time | date:'Y-m-d H:i' }}Z"
-                                    data-end-utc="{{ session.official_timeslotassignment.timeslot.utc_end_time | date:'Y-m-d H:i' }}Z">
-                                    {{ session.official_timeslotassignment.timeslot.utc_start_time | date:"Y-m-d H:i" }}-{{ session.official_timeslotassignment.timeslot.utc_end_time | date:"H:i" }}
+                                    data-start-utc="{{ session.official_timeslotassignment.timeslot.time | utc | date:'Y-m-d H:i' }}Z"
+                                    data-end-utc="{{ session.official_timeslotassignment.timeslot.end_time | utc | date:'Y-m-d H:i' }}Z">
+                                    {{ session.official_timeslotassignment.timeslot.time | utc | date:"Y-m-d H:i" }}-{{ session.official_timeslotassignment.timeslot.end_time | utc | date:"H:i" }}
                                 </td>
                                 <td>
                                     <a href="{% url 'ietf.group.views.group_home' acronym=group.acronym %}">{{ group.acronym }}</a>
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@
                           {
                               group: '{% if session.group %}{{session.group.acronym}}{% endif %}{% if session.name %} - {{session.name}}{% endif %}',
                               filter_keywords: ["{{ session.filter_keywords|join:'","' }}"],
-                              start_moment: moment.utc('{{session.official_timeslotassignment.timeslot.utc_start_time | date:"Y-m-d H:i"}}'),
-                              end_moment: moment.utc('{{session.official_timeslotassignment.timeslot.utc_end_time | date:"Y-m-d H:i"}}'),
+                              start_moment: moment.utc('{{session.official_timeslotassignment.timeslot.time | utc | date:"Y-m-d H:i"}}'),
+                              end_moment: moment.utc('{{session.official_timeslotassignment.timeslot.end_time | utc | date:"Y-m-d H:i"}}'),
                               url: '{% url 'ietf.meeting.views.session_details' num=session.meeting.number acronym=session.group.acronym %}'
                           }
                       {% endwith %}
diff --git a/ietf/utils/decorators.py b/ietf/utils/decorators.py
index 694e989f8..634724880 100644
--- a/ietf/utils/decorators.py
+++ b/ietf/utils/decorators.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from django.contrib.auth import login
 from django.http import HttpResponse
 from django.shortcuts import render
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ def require_api_key(f, request, *args, **kwargs):
     person = key.person
     last_login = person.user.last_login
     if not person.user.is_staff:
-        time_limit = (datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=settings.UTILS_APIKEY_GUI_LOGIN_LIMIT_DAYS))
+        time_limit = (timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=settings.UTILS_APIKEY_GUI_LOGIN_LIMIT_DAYS))
         if last_login == None or last_login < time_limit:
             return err(400, "Too long since last regular login")
     # Log in
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ def require_api_key(f, request, *args, **kwargs):
     person.user.save()
     # Update stats
     key.count += 1
-    key.latest = datetime.datetime.now()
+    key.latest = timezone.now()
     key.save()
     PersonApiKeyEvent.objects.create(person=person, type='apikey_login', key=key, desc="Logged in with key ID %s, endpoint %s" % (key.id, key.endpoint))
     # Execute decorated function
diff --git a/ietf/utils/mail.py b/ietf/utils/mail.py
index 04c0ed916..3500d888e 100644
--- a/ietf/utils/mail.py
+++ b/ietf/utils/mail.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 
 import copy
-import datetime
 #import logging
 import re
 import smtplib
@@ -27,6 +26,7 @@ from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured, ValidationError
 from django.core.validators import validate_email
 from django.template.loader import render_to_string
 from django.template import Context,RequestContext
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text, force_str, force_bytes
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ def show_that_mail_was_sent(request,leadline,msg,bcc):
         if request and request.user:
             from ietf.ietfauth.utils import has_role
             if has_role(request.user,['Area Director','Secretariat','IANA','RFC Editor','ISE','IAD','IRTF Chair','WG Chair','RG Chair','WG Secretary','RG Secretary']):
-                info =  "%s at %s %s\n" % (leadline,datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),settings.TIME_ZONE)
+                info =  "%s at %s %s\n" % (leadline,timezone.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),settings.TIME_ZONE)
                 info += "Subject: %s\n" % force_text(msg.get('Subject','[no subject]'))
                 info += "To: %s\n" % msg.get('To','[no to]')
                 if msg.get('Cc'):
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ def send_mail_mime(request, to, frm, subject, msg, cc=None, extra=None, toUser=F
         try:
             send_smtp(msg, bcc)
             if save:
-                message.sent = datetime.datetime.now()
+                message.sent = timezone.now()
                 message.save()
             if settings.SERVER_MODE != 'development':
                 show_that_mail_was_sent(request,'Email was sent',msg,bcc)
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ def send_mail_message(request, message, extra=None):
 
 #     msg = send_mail_text(request, message.to, message.frm, message.subject,
 #                           message.body, cc=message.cc, bcc=message.bcc, extra=e, save=False)
-    message.sent = datetime.datetime.now()
+    message.sent = timezone.now()
     message.save()
     return msg
 
diff --git a/ietf/utils/management/commands/check_draft_event_revision_integrity.py b/ietf/utils/management/commands/check_draft_event_revision_integrity.py
index a4c38bd1c..c8d2cbd21 100644
--- a/ietf/utils/management/commands/check_draft_event_revision_integrity.py
+++ b/ietf/utils/management/commands/check_draft_event_revision_integrity.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import django
 django.setup()
 
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand #, CommandError
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
     """
 
     def add_arguments(self, parser):
-        default_start = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=60)
+        default_start = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=60)
         parser.add_argument(
             '-d', '--from', type=str, default=default_start.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'),
             help='Limit the list to messages saved after the given date (default %(default)s).',
diff --git a/ietf/utils/management/commands/fix_ambiguous_timestamps.py b/ietf/utils/management/commands/fix_ambiguous_timestamps.py
index fc872f458..84a82bb30 100644
--- a/ietf/utils/management/commands/fix_ambiguous_timestamps.py
+++ b/ietf/utils/management/commands/fix_ambiguous_timestamps.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from django.apps import apps
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
 from django.db import models
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
     def handle(self, *app_labels, **options):
         self.verbosity = options['verbosity']
         self.quiet = self.verbosity < 1
-        stop = datetime.datetime.now()
+        stop = timezone.now()
         start = stop - datetime.timedelta(days=14)
 
         for name, appconf in apps.app_configs.items():
diff --git a/ietf/utils/management/commands/send_gdpr_consent_request.py b/ietf/utils/management/commands/send_gdpr_consent_request.py
index 2bb08eed1..152fc83fe 100644
--- a/ietf/utils/management/commands/send_gdpr_consent_request.py
+++ b/ietf/utils/management/commands/send_gdpr_consent_request.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import time
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
         delay = 1.0/options['rate']
         # --minimum_interval
         minimum_interval = options['minimum_interval']
-        latest_previous = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=minimum_interval)
+        latest_previous = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=minimum_interval)
         # user
         self.stdout.write('Querying the database for matching person records ...')
         if 'user' in options and options['user']:
diff --git a/ietf/utils/migrations/0002_convert_timestamps_to_utc.py b/ietf/utils/migrations/0002_convert_timestamps_to_utc.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c01a538e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ietf/utils/migrations/0002_convert_timestamps_to_utc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+# Generated by Django 2.2.28 on 2022-06-21 11:44
+#
+# Important: To avoid corrupting timestamps in the database, do not use this migration as a dependency for
+# future migrations. Use 0003_pause_to_change_use_tz instead.
+#
+import datetime
+
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.db import migrations, connection
+
+# to generate the expected columns list:
+#
+# from django.db import connection
+# from pprint import pp
+# cursor = connection.cursor()
+# cursor.execute("""
+# SELECT table_name, column_name
+#     FROM information_schema.columns
+#         WHERE table_schema='ietf_utf8'
+#             AND column_type LIKE 'datetime%'
+#             AND NOT table_name LIKE 'django_celery_beat_%'
+#         ORDER BY table_name, column_name;
+# """)
+# pp(cursor.fetchall())
+#
+expected_datetime_columns = (
+    ('auth_user', 'date_joined'),
+    ('auth_user', 'last_login'),
+    ('community_documentchangedates', 'new_version_date'),
+    ('community_documentchangedates', 'normal_change_date'),
+    ('community_documentchangedates', 'significant_change_date'),
+    ('django_admin_log', 'action_time'),
+    ('django_migrations', 'applied'),
+    ('django_session', 'expire_date'),
+    ('doc_ballotpositiondocevent', 'comment_time'),
+    ('doc_ballotpositiondocevent', 'discuss_time'),
+    ('doc_deletedevent', 'time'),
+    ('doc_docevent', 'time'),
+    ('doc_dochistory', 'expires'),
+    ('doc_dochistory', 'time'),
+    ('doc_docreminder', 'due'),
+    ('doc_document', 'expires'),
+    ('doc_document', 'time'),
+    ('doc_documentactionholder', 'time_added'),
+    ('doc_initialreviewdocevent', 'expires'),
+    ('doc_irsgballotdocevent', 'duedate'),
+    ('doc_lastcalldocevent', 'expires'),
+    ('group_group', 'time'),
+    ('group_groupevent', 'time'),
+    ('group_grouphistory', 'time'),
+    ('group_groupmilestone', 'time'),
+    ('group_groupmilestonehistory', 'time'),
+    ('ipr_iprdisclosurebase', 'time'),
+    ('ipr_iprevent', 'response_due'),
+    ('ipr_iprevent', 'time'),
+    ('liaisons_liaisonstatementevent', 'time'),
+    ('mailinglists_subscribed', 'time'),
+    ('mailinglists_whitelisted', 'time'),
+    ('meeting_floorplan', 'modified'),
+    ('meeting_room', 'modified'),
+    ('meeting_schedtimesessassignment', 'modified'),
+    ('meeting_schedulingevent', 'time'),
+    ('meeting_session', 'modified'),
+    ('meeting_session', 'scheduled'),
+    ('meeting_slidesubmission', 'time'),
+    ('meeting_timeslot', 'modified'),
+    ('meeting_timeslot', 'time'),
+    ('message_message', 'sent'),
+    ('message_message', 'time'),
+    ('message_sendqueue', 'send_at'),
+    ('message_sendqueue', 'sent_at'),
+    ('message_sendqueue', 'time'),
+    ('nomcom_feedback', 'time'),
+    ('nomcom_feedbacklastseen', 'time'),
+    ('nomcom_nomination', 'time'),
+    ('nomcom_nomineeposition', 'time'),
+    ('nomcom_topicfeedbacklastseen', 'time'),
+    ('oidc_provider_code', 'expires_at'),
+    ('oidc_provider_token', 'expires_at'),
+    ('oidc_provider_userconsent', 'date_given'),
+    ('oidc_provider_userconsent', 'expires_at'),
+    ('person_email', 'time'),
+    ('person_historicalemail', 'history_date'),
+    ('person_historicalemail', 'time'),
+    ('person_historicalperson', 'history_date'),
+    ('person_historicalperson', 'time'),
+    ('person_person', 'time'),
+    ('person_personalapikey', 'created'),
+    ('person_personalapikey', 'latest'),
+    ('person_personevent', 'time'),
+    ('request_profiler_profilingrecord', 'end_ts'),
+    ('request_profiler_profilingrecord', 'start_ts'),
+    ('review_historicalreviewassignment', 'assigned_on'),
+    ('review_historicalreviewassignment', 'completed_on'),
+    ('review_historicalreviewassignment', 'history_date'),
+    ('review_historicalreviewersettings', 'history_date'),
+    ('review_historicalreviewrequest', 'history_date'),
+    ('review_historicalreviewrequest', 'time'),
+    ('review_historicalunavailableperiod', 'history_date'),
+    ('review_reviewassignment', 'assigned_on'),
+    ('review_reviewassignment', 'completed_on'),
+    ('review_reviewrequest', 'time'),
+    ('review_reviewwish', 'time'),
+    ('south_migrationhistory', 'applied'),
+    ('submit_preapproval', 'time'),
+    ('submit_submissioncheck', 'time'),
+    ('submit_submissionevent', 'time'),
+    ('tastypie_apikey', 'created'),
+    ('utils_versioninfo', 'time'),
+)
+
+def convert_pre1970_timestamps(apps, schema_editor):
+    """Convert timestamps that CONVERT_TZ cannot handle
+
+    This could be made to do the entire conversion but some tables that require converison
+    do not use 'id' as their PK. Rather than reinvent the ORM, we'll let SQL do what it can
+    with CONVERT_TZ and clean up after. The tables that have pre-1970 timestamps both have
+    'id' columns.
+    """
+    min_timestamp = "1969-12-31 16:00:01"  # minimum PST8PDT timestamp CONVERT_TZ can convert to UTC
+    with connection.cursor() as cursor:
+        # To get these values, use:
+        # convert_manually = [
+        #     (tbl, col) for (tbl, col) in expected_datetime_columns
+        #     if cursor.execute(
+        #         f'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {tbl} WHERE {col} IS NOT NULL AND {col} <= %s',
+        #         (min_timestamp,)
+        #     ) and cursor.fetchone()[0] > 0
+        # ]
+        convert_manually = [('doc_docevent', 'time'), ('group_groupevent', 'time')]
+        pst8pdt = ZoneInfo('PST8PDT')
+        for (tbl, col) in convert_manually:
+            cursor.execute(f'SELECT id, {col} FROM {tbl} WHERE {col} < %s', (min_timestamp,))
+            for (id, naive_in_pst8pdt) in cursor.fetchall():
+                aware_in_pst8pdt = naive_in_pst8pdt.replace(tzinfo=pst8pdt)
+                aware_in_utc = aware_in_pst8pdt.astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc)
+                naive_in_utc = aware_in_utc.replace(tzinfo=None)
+                cursor.execute(
+                    f'UPDATE {tbl} SET {col}=%s WHERE id=%s',
+                    (naive_in_utc, id)
+                )
+
+
+def forward(apps, schema_editor):
+    # Check that the USE_TZ has been False so far, otherwise we might be corrupting timestamps. If this test
+    # fails, be sure that no timestamps have been set since changing USE_TZ to True before re-running!
+    assert not getattr(settings, 'USE_TZ', False), 'must keep USE_TZ = False until after this migration'
+
+    # Check that we can safely ignore celery beat columns - it defaults to UTC if CELERY_TIMEZONE is not set.
+    celery_timezone = getattr(settings, 'CELERY_TIMEZONE', None)
+    assert celery_timezone in ('UTC', None), 'update migration, celery is not using UTC'
+    # If the CELERY_ENABLE_UTC flag is set, abort because someone is using a strange configuration.
+    assert not hasattr(settings, 'CELERY_ENABLE_UTC'), 'update migration, settings.CELERY_ENABLE_UTC was not expected'
+
+    with connection.cursor() as cursor:
+        # Check that we have timezones.
+        # If these assertions fail, the DB does not know all the necessary time zones.
+        # To load timezones,
+        #   $ mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/share/zoneinfo | mysql -u root mysql
+        # (on a dev system, first connect to the db image with `docker compose exec db bash`)
+        cursor.execute("SELECT CONVERT_TZ('2022-06-22T17:43:00', 'PST8PDT', 'UTC');")
+        assert not any(None in row for row in cursor.fetchall()), 'database does not recognize PST8PDT'
+        cursor.execute(
+            "SELECT CONVERT_TZ('2022-06-22T17:43:00', time_zone, 'UTC') FROM meeting_meeting WHERE time_zone != '';"
+        )
+        assert not any(None in row for row in cursor.fetchall()), 'database does not recognize a meeting time zone'
+
+        # Check that we have all and only the expected datetime columns to work with.
+        # If this fails, figure out what changed and decide how to proceed safely.
+        cursor.execute("""
+        SELECT table_name, column_name 
+            FROM information_schema.columns 
+                WHERE table_schema='ietf_utf8' 
+                    AND column_type LIKE 'datetime%'
+                    AND NOT table_name LIKE 'django_celery_beat_%' 
+                    AND NOT table_name='utils_dumpinfo'
+                ORDER BY table_name, column_name;
+        """)
+        assert cursor.fetchall() == expected_datetime_columns, 'unexpected or missing datetime columns in db'
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+    dependencies = [
+        ('doc', '0045_use_timezone_now_for_doc_models'),
+        ('group', '0059_use_timezone_now_for_group_models'),
+        ('meeting', '0058_meeting_time_zone_not_blank'),
+        ('message', '0012_use_timezone_now_for_message_models'),
+        ('person', '0025_use_timezone_now_for_person_models'),
+        ('review', '0029_use_timezone_now_for_review_models'),
+        ('submit', '0011_use_timezone_now_for_submit_models'),
+        ('utils', '0001_initial'),
+    ]
+
+    # To generate the queries:
+    #
+    # min_timestamp = "1969-12-31 16:00:01"  # minimum PST8PDT timestamp CONVERT_TZ can convert to UTC
+    # pst8pdt_columns = [e for e in expected_datetime_columns if e != ('meeting_timeslot', 'time')]
+    # queries = []
+    # for table, column in pst8pdt_columns:
+    #     queries.append(f"UPDATE {table} SET {column} = CONVERT_TZ({column}, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE {column} >= '{min_timestamp}'";)
+    #
+    # queries.append("""
+    # UPDATE meeting_timeslot
+    #   JOIN meeting_meeting
+    #     ON meeting_meeting.id = meeting_id
+    #   SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, time_zone, 'UTC');
+    # """)
+    #
+    # print("\n".join(queries))
+    #
+    operations = [
+        migrations.RunPython(forward),
+        migrations.RunSQL("""
+UPDATE auth_user SET date_joined = CONVERT_TZ(date_joined, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE date_joined >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE auth_user SET last_login = CONVERT_TZ(last_login, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE last_login >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE community_documentchangedates SET new_version_date = CONVERT_TZ(new_version_date, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE new_version_date >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE community_documentchangedates SET normal_change_date = CONVERT_TZ(normal_change_date, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE normal_change_date >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE community_documentchangedates SET significant_change_date = CONVERT_TZ(significant_change_date, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE significant_change_date >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE django_admin_log SET action_time = CONVERT_TZ(action_time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE action_time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE django_migrations SET applied = CONVERT_TZ(applied, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE applied >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE django_session SET expire_date = CONVERT_TZ(expire_date, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE expire_date >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE doc_ballotpositiondocevent SET comment_time = CONVERT_TZ(comment_time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE comment_time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE doc_ballotpositiondocevent SET discuss_time = CONVERT_TZ(discuss_time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE discuss_time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE doc_deletedevent SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE doc_docevent SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE doc_dochistory SET expires = CONVERT_TZ(expires, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE expires >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE doc_dochistory SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE doc_docreminder SET due = CONVERT_TZ(due, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE due >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE doc_document SET expires = CONVERT_TZ(expires, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE expires >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE doc_document SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE doc_documentactionholder SET time_added = CONVERT_TZ(time_added, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time_added >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE doc_initialreviewdocevent SET expires = CONVERT_TZ(expires, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE expires >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE doc_irsgballotdocevent SET duedate = CONVERT_TZ(duedate, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE duedate >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE doc_lastcalldocevent SET expires = CONVERT_TZ(expires, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE expires >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE group_group SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE group_groupevent SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE group_grouphistory SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE group_groupmilestone SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE group_groupmilestonehistory SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE ipr_iprdisclosurebase SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE ipr_iprevent SET response_due = CONVERT_TZ(response_due, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE response_due >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE ipr_iprevent SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE liaisons_liaisonstatementevent SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE mailinglists_subscribed SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE mailinglists_whitelisted SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE meeting_floorplan SET modified = CONVERT_TZ(modified, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE modified >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE meeting_room SET modified = CONVERT_TZ(modified, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE modified >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE meeting_schedtimesessassignment SET modified = CONVERT_TZ(modified, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE modified >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE meeting_schedulingevent SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE meeting_session SET modified = CONVERT_TZ(modified, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE modified >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE meeting_session SET scheduled = CONVERT_TZ(scheduled, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE scheduled >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE meeting_slidesubmission SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE meeting_timeslot SET modified = CONVERT_TZ(modified, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE modified >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE message_message SET sent = CONVERT_TZ(sent, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE sent >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE message_message SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE message_sendqueue SET send_at = CONVERT_TZ(send_at, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE send_at >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE message_sendqueue SET sent_at = CONVERT_TZ(sent_at, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE sent_at >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE message_sendqueue SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE nomcom_feedback SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE nomcom_feedbacklastseen SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE nomcom_nomination SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE nomcom_nomineeposition SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE nomcom_topicfeedbacklastseen SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE oidc_provider_code SET expires_at = CONVERT_TZ(expires_at, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE expires_at >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE oidc_provider_token SET expires_at = CONVERT_TZ(expires_at, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE expires_at >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE oidc_provider_userconsent SET date_given = CONVERT_TZ(date_given, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE date_given >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE oidc_provider_userconsent SET expires_at = CONVERT_TZ(expires_at, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE expires_at >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE person_email SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE person_historicalemail SET history_date = CONVERT_TZ(history_date, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE history_date >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE person_historicalemail SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE person_historicalperson SET history_date = CONVERT_TZ(history_date, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE history_date >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE person_historicalperson SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE person_person SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE person_personalapikey SET created = CONVERT_TZ(created, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE created >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE person_personalapikey SET latest = CONVERT_TZ(latest, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE latest >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE person_personevent SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE request_profiler_profilingrecord SET end_ts = CONVERT_TZ(end_ts, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE end_ts >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE request_profiler_profilingrecord SET start_ts = CONVERT_TZ(start_ts, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE start_ts >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE review_historicalreviewassignment SET assigned_on = CONVERT_TZ(assigned_on, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE assigned_on >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE review_historicalreviewassignment SET completed_on = CONVERT_TZ(completed_on, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE completed_on >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE review_historicalreviewassignment SET history_date = CONVERT_TZ(history_date, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE history_date >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE review_historicalreviewersettings SET history_date = CONVERT_TZ(history_date, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE history_date >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE review_historicalreviewrequest SET history_date = CONVERT_TZ(history_date, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE history_date >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE review_historicalreviewrequest SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE review_historicalunavailableperiod SET history_date = CONVERT_TZ(history_date, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE history_date >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE review_reviewassignment SET assigned_on = CONVERT_TZ(assigned_on, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE assigned_on >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE review_reviewassignment SET completed_on = CONVERT_TZ(completed_on, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE completed_on >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE review_reviewrequest SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE review_reviewwish SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE south_migrationhistory SET applied = CONVERT_TZ(applied, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE applied >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE submit_preapproval SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE submit_submissioncheck SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE submit_submissionevent SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE tastypie_apikey SET created = CONVERT_TZ(created, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE created >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+UPDATE utils_versioninfo SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, 'PST8PDT', 'UTC') WHERE time >= '1969-12-31 16:00:01';
+
+UPDATE meeting_timeslot
+  JOIN meeting_meeting
+    ON meeting_meeting.id = meeting_id
+  SET time = CONVERT_TZ(time, time_zone, 'UTC');
+"""),
+        migrations.RunPython(convert_pre1970_timestamps),
+    ]
diff --git a/ietf/utils/migrations/0003_pause_to_change_use_tz.py b/ietf/utils/migrations/0003_pause_to_change_use_tz.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2719e241
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ietf/utils/migrations/0003_pause_to_change_use_tz.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Generated by Django 2.2.28 on 2022-08-29 10:16
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.db import migrations
+
+
+def forward(apps, schema_editor):
+    assert getattr(settings, 'USE_TZ', False), 'Please change USE_TZ to True before continuing.'
+
+
+def reverse(apps, schema_editor):
+    assert not getattr(settings, 'USE_TZ', False), 'Please change USE_TZ to False before continuing.'
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ('utils', '0002_convert_timestamps_to_utc'),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.RunPython(forward, reverse),
+    ]
diff --git a/ietf/utils/serialize.py b/ietf/utils/serialize.py
index 64254300a..342d211cf 100644
--- a/ietf/utils/serialize.py
+++ b/ietf/utils/serialize.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import datetime
+
 from django.db import models
 
 def object_as_shallow_dict(obj):
@@ -14,7 +16,7 @@ def object_as_shallow_dict(obj):
         if isinstance(f, models.ManyToManyField):
             v = list(v.values_list("pk", flat=True))
         elif isinstance(f, models.DateTimeField):
-            v = v.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
+            v = v.astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc).isoformat()
         elif isinstance(f, models.DateField):
             v = v.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
 
diff --git a/ietf/utils/test_data.py b/ietf/utils/test_data.py
index 7a7a77af4..cd5a06e83 100644
--- a/ietf/utils/test_data.py
+++ b/ietf/utils/test_data.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import datetime
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import smart_text
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
@@ -271,14 +272,14 @@ def make_test_data():
     # old draft
     old_draft = Document.objects.create(
         name="draft-foo-mars-test",
-        time=datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=settings.INTERNET_DRAFT_DAYS_TO_EXPIRE),
+        time=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=settings.INTERNET_DRAFT_DAYS_TO_EXPIRE),
         type_id="draft",
         title="Optimizing Martian Network Topologies",
         stream_id="ietf",
         abstract="Techniques for achieving near-optimal Martian networks.",
         rev="00",
         pages=2,
-        expires=datetime.datetime.now(),
+        expires=timezone.now(),
         )
     old_draft.set_state(State.objects.get(used=True, type="draft", slug="expired"))
     old_alias = DocAlias.objects.create(name=old_draft.name)
@@ -287,7 +288,7 @@ def make_test_data():
     # draft
     draft = Document.objects.create(
         name="draft-ietf-mars-test",
-        time=datetime.datetime.now(),
+        time=timezone.now(),
         type_id="draft",
         title="Optimizing Martian Network Topologies",
         stream_id="ietf",
@@ -298,7 +299,7 @@ def make_test_data():
         intended_std_level_id="ps",
         shepherd=email,
         ad=ad,
-        expires=datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=settings.INTERNET_DRAFT_DAYS_TO_EXPIRE),
+        expires=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=settings.INTERNET_DRAFT_DAYS_TO_EXPIRE),
         notify="aliens@example.mars",
         note="",
         )
@@ -458,7 +459,7 @@ def make_review_data(doc):
         doc=doc,
         team=team1,
         type_id="early",
-        deadline=datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=20),
+        deadline=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=20),
         state_id="accepted",
         requested_by=reviewer,
         reviewer=email,
diff --git a/ietf/utils/test_runner.py b/ietf/utils/test_runner.py
index 365c50da5..0cc1d2b24 100644
--- a/ietf/utils/test_runner.py
+++ b/ietf/utils/test_runner.py
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ import json
 import pytz
 import importlib
 import socket
-import datetime
 import gzip
 import unittest
 import pathlib
@@ -76,6 +75,7 @@ from django.core.management import call_command
 from django.urls import URLResolver # type: ignore
 from django.template.backends.django import DjangoTemplates
 from django.template.backends.django import Template  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+from django.utils import timezone
 # from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
 
 import debug                            # pyflakes:ignore
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ class CoverageTest(unittest.TestCase):
             checker.stop()
             # Save to the .coverage file
             checker.save()
-            # Apply the configured and requested omit and include data 
+            # Apply the configured and requested omit and include data
             checker.config.from_args(ignore_errors=None, omit=settings.TEST_CODE_COVERAGE_EXCLUDE_FILES,
                 include=include, file=None)
             for pattern in settings.TEST_CODE_COVERAGE_EXCLUDE_LINES:
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ class IetfTestRunner(DiscoverRunner):
         print("     Datatracker %s test suite, %s:" % (ietf.__version__, time.strftime("%d %B %Y %H:%M:%S %Z")))
         print("     Python %s." % sys.version.replace('\n', ' '))
         print("     Django %s, settings '%s'" % (django.get_version(), settings.SETTINGS_MODULE))
-        
+
         settings.TEMPLATES[0]['BACKEND'] = 'ietf.utils.test_runner.ValidatingTemplates'
         if self.check_coverage:
             if self.coverage_file.endswith('.gz'):
@@ -754,19 +754,19 @@ class IetfTestRunner(DiscoverRunner):
                 with io.open(self.coverage_file, encoding='utf-8') as file:
                     self.coverage_master = json.load(file)
             self.coverage_data = {
-                "time": datetime.datetime.now(pytz.utc).strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"),
+                "time": timezone.now().astimezone(pytz.utc).strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"),
                 "template": {
-                    "coverage": 0.0, 
+                    "coverage": 0.0,
                     "covered": {},
                     "format": 1,        # default format, coverage data in 'covered' are just fractions
                 },
                 "url": {
-                    "coverage": 0.0, 
+                    "coverage": 0.0,
                     "covered": {},
                     "format": 4,
                 },
                 "code": {
-                    "coverage": 0.0, 
+                    "coverage": 0.0,
                     "covered": {},
                     "format": 1,
                 },
@@ -813,8 +813,8 @@ class IetfTestRunner(DiscoverRunner):
         for offset in range(10):
             try:
                 # remember the value so ietf.utils.mail.send_smtp() will use the same
-                ietf.utils.mail.SMTP_ADDR['port'] = base + offset 
-                self.smtpd_driver = SMTPTestServerDriver((ietf.utils.mail.SMTP_ADDR['ip4'],ietf.utils.mail.SMTP_ADDR['port']),None) 
+                ietf.utils.mail.SMTP_ADDR['port'] = base + offset
+                self.smtpd_driver = SMTPTestServerDriver((ietf.utils.mail.SMTP_ADDR['ip4'],ietf.utils.mail.SMTP_ADDR['port']),None)
                 self.smtpd_driver.start()
                 print(("     Running an SMTP test server on %(ip4)s:%(port)s to catch outgoing email." % ietf.utils.mail.SMTP_ADDR))
                 break
diff --git a/ietf/utils/tests_meetecho.py b/ietf/utils/tests_meetecho.py
index d40e013f8..db3d36f40 100644
--- a/ietf/utils/tests_meetecho.py
+++ b/ietf/utils/tests_meetecho.py
@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 # Copyright The IETF Trust 2021, All Rights Reserved
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import datetime
+import pytz
 import requests
 import requests_mock
 
-from pytz import timezone, utc
 from unittest.mock import patch
 from urllib.parse import urljoin
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.test import override_settings
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 from ietf.utils.tests import TestCase
 from .meetecho import Conference, ConferenceManager, MeetechoAPI, MeetechoAPIError
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ class APITests(TestCase):
         api = MeetechoAPI(API_BASE, CLIENT_ID, CLIENT_SECRET)
         api_response = api.schedule_meeting(
             wg_token='my-token',
-            start_time=utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 14, 10, 0, 0)),
+            start_time=pytz.utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 14, 10, 0, 0)),
             duration=datetime.timedelta(minutes=130),
             description='interim-2021-wgname-01',
             extrainfo='message for staff',
@@ -120,11 +121,11 @@ class APITests(TestCase):
         )
         # same time in different time zones
         for start_time in [
-            utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 14, 10, 0, 0)),
-            timezone('america/halifax').localize(datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 14, 7, 0, 0)),
-            timezone('europe/kiev').localize(datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 14, 13, 0, 0)),
-            timezone('pacific/easter').localize(datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 14, 5, 0, 0)),
-            timezone('africa/porto-novo').localize(datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 14, 11, 0, 0)),
+            pytz.utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 14, 10, 0, 0)),
+            pytz.timezone('america/halifax').localize(datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 14, 7, 0, 0)),
+            pytz.timezone('europe/kiev').localize(datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 14, 13, 0, 0)),
+            pytz.timezone('pacific/easter').localize(datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 14, 5, 0, 0)),
+            pytz.timezone('africa/porto-novo').localize(datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 14, 11, 0, 0)),
         ]:
             self.assertEqual(
                 api_response,
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ class APITests(TestCase):
                     '3d55bce0-535e-4ba8-bb8e-734911cf3c32': {
                         'room': {
                             'id': 18,
-                            'start_time': utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 14, 10, 0, 0)),
+                            'start_time': pytz.utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 14, 10, 0, 0)),
                             'duration': datetime.timedelta(minutes=130),
                             'description': 'interim-2021-wgname-01',
                         },
@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ class APITests(TestCase):
                     'e68e96d4-d38f-475b-9073-ecab46ca96a5': {
                         'room': {
                             'id': 23,
-                            'start_time': utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 15, 14, 30, 0)),
+                            'start_time': pytz.utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 15, 14, 30, 0)),
                             'duration': datetime.timedelta(minutes=30),
                             'description': 'interim-2021-wgname-02',
                         },
@@ -249,7 +250,7 @@ class APITests(TestCase):
 
     def test_time_serialization(self):
         """Time de/serialization should be consistent"""
-        time = datetime.datetime.now(utc).replace(microsecond=0)  # cut off to 0 microseconds
+        time = timezone.now().astimezone(pytz.utc).replace(microsecond=0)  # cut off to 0 microseconds
         api = MeetechoAPI(API_BASE, CLIENT_ID, CLIENT_SECRET)
         self.assertEqual(api._deserialize_time(api._serialize_time(time)), time)
 
@@ -263,7 +264,7 @@ class ConferenceManagerTests(TestCase):
                 'session-1-uuid': {
                     'room': {
                         'id': 1,
-                        'start_time': utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2022,2,4,1,2,3)),
+                        'start_time': pytz.utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2022,2,4,1,2,3)),
                         'duration': datetime.timedelta(minutes=45),
                         'description': 'some-description',
                     },
@@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ class ConferenceManagerTests(TestCase):
                 'session-2-uuid': {
                     'room': {
                         'id': 2,
-                        'start_time': utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2022,2,5,4,5,6)),
+                        'start_time': pytz.utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2022,2,5,4,5,6)),
                         'duration': datetime.timedelta(minutes=90),
                         'description': 'another-description',
                     },
@@ -290,7 +291,7 @@ class ConferenceManagerTests(TestCase):
                     id=1,
                     public_id='session-1-uuid',
                     description='some-description',
-                    start_time=utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2022, 2, 4, 1, 2, 3)),
+                    start_time=pytz.utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2022, 2, 4, 1, 2, 3)),
                     duration=datetime.timedelta(minutes=45),
                     url='https://example.com/some/url',
                     deletion_token='delete-me',
@@ -300,7 +301,7 @@ class ConferenceManagerTests(TestCase):
                     id=2,
                     public_id='session-2-uuid',
                     description='another-description',
-                    start_time=utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2022, 2, 5, 4, 5, 6)),
+                    start_time=pytz.utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2022, 2, 5, 4, 5, 6)),
                     duration=datetime.timedelta(minutes=90),
                     url='https://example.com/another/url',
                     deletion_token='delete-me-too',
@@ -316,7 +317,7 @@ class ConferenceManagerTests(TestCase):
                 'session-1-uuid': {
                     'room': {
                         'id': 1,
-                        'start_time': utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2022,2,4,1,2,3)),
+                        'start_time': pytz.utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2022,2,4,1,2,3)),
                         'duration': datetime.timedelta(minutes=45),
                         'description': 'some-description',
                     },
@@ -335,7 +336,7 @@ class ConferenceManagerTests(TestCase):
                 id=1,
                 public_id='session-1-uuid',
                 description='some-description',
-                start_time=utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2022,2,4,1,2,3)),
+                start_time=pytz.utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2022,2,4,1,2,3)),
                 duration=datetime.timedelta(minutes=45),
                 url='https://example.com/some/url',
                 deletion_token='delete-me',
@@ -351,7 +352,7 @@ class ConferenceManagerTests(TestCase):
                 'session-1-uuid': {
                     'room': {
                         'id': 1,
-                        'start_time': utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2022,2,4,1,2,3)),
+                        'start_time': pytz.utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2022,2,4,1,2,3)),
                         'duration': datetime.timedelta(minutes=45),
                         'description': 'some-description',
                     },
@@ -369,7 +370,7 @@ class ConferenceManagerTests(TestCase):
                 id=1,
                 public_id='session-1-uuid',
                 description='some-description',
-                start_time=utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2022,2,4,1,2,3)),
+                start_time=pytz.utc.localize(datetime.datetime(2022,2,4,1,2,3)),
                 duration=datetime.timedelta(minutes=45),
                 url='https://example.com/some/url',
                 deletion_token='delete-me',
diff --git a/ietf/utils/timezone.py b/ietf/utils/timezone.py
index 723512efe..58913f68d 100644
--- a/ietf/utils/timezone.py
+++ b/ietf/utils/timezone.py
@@ -1,39 +1,75 @@
-import pytz
-import email.utils
 import datetime
 
-from django.conf import settings
+from typing import Union
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
 
-def local_timezone_to_utc(d):
-    """Takes a naive datetime in the local timezone and returns a
-    naive datetime with the corresponding UTC time."""
-    local_timezone = pytz.timezone(settings.TIME_ZONE)
+from django.utils import timezone
 
-    d = local_timezone.localize(d).astimezone(pytz.utc)
 
-    return d.replace(tzinfo=None)
+# Timezone constants - tempting to make these settings, but changing them will
+# require code changes.
+#
+# Default time zone for deadlines / expiration dates.
+DEADLINE_TZINFO = ZoneInfo('PST8PDT')
 
-def utc_to_local_timezone(d):
-    """Takes a naive datetime UTC and returns a naive datetime in the
-    local time zone."""
-    local_timezone = pytz.timezone(settings.TIME_ZONE)
+# Time zone for dates from the RPC. This value is baked into the timestamps on DocEvents
+# of type="published_rfc" - see Document.pub_date() and ietf.sync.refceditor.update_docs_from_rfc_index()
+# for more information about how that works.
+RPC_TZINFO = ZoneInfo('PST8PDT')
 
-    d = local_timezone.normalize(d.replace(tzinfo=pytz.utc).astimezone(local_timezone))
 
-    return d.replace(tzinfo=None)
+def _tzinfo(tz: Union[str, datetime.tzinfo, None]):
+    """Helper to convert a tz param into a tzinfo
 
-def email_time_to_local_timezone(date_string):
-    """Takes a time string from an email and returns a naive datetime
-    in the local time zone."""
+    Accepts Defaults to UTC.
+    """
+    if tz is None:
+        return datetime.timezone.utc
+    elif isinstance(tz, datetime.tzinfo):
+        return tz
+    else:
+        return ZoneInfo(tz)
 
-    t = email.utils.parsedate_tz(date_string)
-    d = datetime.datetime(*t[:6])
 
-    if t[7] != None:
-        d += datetime.timedelta(seconds=t[9])
+def make_aware(dt, tz):
+    """Assign timezone to a naive datetime
 
-    return utc_to_local_timezone(d)
+    Helper to deal with both pytz and zoneinfo type time zones. Can go away when pytz is removed.
+    """
+    tzinfo = _tzinfo(tz)
+    if hasattr(tzinfo, 'localize'):
+        return tzinfo.localize(dt)  # pytz-style
+    else:
+        return dt.replace(tzinfo=tzinfo)  # zoneinfo- / datetime.timezone-style
 
-def date2datetime(date, tz=pytz.utc):
-    return datetime.datetime(*(date.timetuple()[:6]), tzinfo=tz)
-    
+
+def datetime_from_date(date, tz=None):
+    """Get datetime at midnight on a given date"""
+    # accept either pytz or zoneinfo tzinfos until we get rid of pytz
+    return make_aware(datetime.datetime(date.year, date.month, date.day), _tzinfo(tz))
+
+
+def datetime_today(tz=None):
+    """Get a timezone-aware datetime representing midnight today
+
+    For use with datetime fields representing a date.
+    """
+    return timezone.now().astimezone(_tzinfo(tz)).replace(hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)
+
+
+def date_today(tz=None):
+    """Get the date corresponding to the current moment
+
+    Note that Dates are not themselves timezone aware.
+    """
+    return timezone.now().astimezone(_tzinfo(tz)).date()
+
+
+def time_now(tz=None):
+    """Get the "wall clock" time corresponding to the current moment
+
+    The value returned by this data is a Time with no tzinfo attached. (Time
+    objects have only limited timezone support, even if tzinfo is filled in,
+    and may not behave correctly when daylight savings time shifts are relevant.)
+    """
+    return timezone.now().astimezone(_tzinfo(tz)).time()